Author: bforum1992@gmail.com

Plamena Popova

European University Institute, Florence, Italy

[plamena.popova@eui.eu]

Author Rights on Architectural works in the context of Cultural Processes. Concept on the balance of interests

Abstract: The paper aims to explore the interception between authors rights (copyrights) and cultural processes, focused in Architecture and especially in Modern Architecture. It is presented in the prism of the concept on the balance of interests in relation to Architecture/ Architectural Works: authors (individual) interests – owners (individual) interests – public interests. The collision between the interests of the author’s and owner’s interests over a certain Architectural Works is often related to its cultural (heritage) representation and the public interests embodied in the Architecture and Architectural Works. The paper presents further research the hypothesis that the individual moral rights of the authors are usually overlap with the public interests related to the cultural values and cultural heritage. Thus, the author’s rights (and especially their moral rights on reputation) may represent an important instrument regarding the protection and regulation of Architectural Cultural Heritage (and in particular of Modern Architecture).

Keywords: Author Rights; (Modern) Architecture; Moral Rights; Balance of interests; Cultural Heritage; Public Interests.

References

Cornish, W. (2004). Intellectual property: omnipresent, distracting, irrelevant?. Oxford University Press.

Dietz, A. (1994). T The Artist’s Right of Integrity Under Copyright Law: A Comparative Approach ‒ International Review Of Industrial Property, (25)2, 177–194.

Hilty, R.M., (2003). Copyright in a digital dilemma ‒ Max Planck Research, Science Magazine of the Max Planck Society 3.

Horkheimer, M and T. W. Adorno (2002). Dialectic of Enlightenment. Stanford University Press.

Thorsby, D. (2003b). Economics and culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Thorsby, D. (2003а). Cultural capital. Cornwall.

Winnick (1992). Copyright Protection for Architecture After the Architectural Works Copyright Protection Act of 1990, Duke Law Journal, 41, 1598-1651. Available at: https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dlj/vol41/iss6/8

Димитров, Л. (2003). 70 години от Атинската харта ‒ Арх-Арт, 1. [Dimitrov, L. 2003. 70 godini ot Atinskata harta ‒ Arh-Art, 1].

Каменова, Ц. (2006). Международно и национално авторско право. София: БАН [Kamenova, Ts. 2006. Mezhdunarodno i natsionalno avtorsko pravo. Sofia: BAN].

Стоилова, Л. (2007). Малко история за комплекс “България”, представена през погледа на един изследовател на модерната архитектура. ‒ София за нас [Stoilova, L. 2007. Malko istoria za kompleks “Balgariya”, predstavena prez pogleda na edin izsledovatel na modernata arhitektura.‒Sofia za nas]. Web. 19.11.2024. https://sofiazanas.blogspot.com/2007/11/blog-post_4102.htm

Vjollca Dibra

University “Ukshin Hoti” Prizren, Kosovo  

[vjollca.dibra@uni-prizren.com]

Challenging Social Norms: Women as Symbols of Prejudice and Stereotypes in World Literature (A Comparative Study)

Abstract: Throughout the history of world literature, numerous authors have centered their works on female protagonists, presenting them not only as individuals but also as symbols shaped by societal expectations, prejudice, and stereotypes. From the cunning Sheherazade of „1001 Nights“, to Flaubert’s conflicted Emma Bovary, Tolstoy’s tragic Anna Karenina, and Zola’s ambitious Nana, female characters have long been used to explore complex societal dynamics. Even those who were not central figures – such as Homer’s faithful Penelope, Shakespeare’s Desdemona and Lady Macbeth – have become emblematic of various cultural ideals and gender norms. At the root of these representations lies the biblical figure of Eve, whose “original sin” casts a shadow over women in literary history, often reflecting patriarchal anxieties and the social marginalization of women.

In this comparative study, Heinrich Böll’s „The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum“ and Ismail Kadare’s „A Moonlit Night“ are examined as examples of how women continue to be portrayed as symbols of prejudice and social condemnation. These works highlight the consequences of societal judgment on female characters, portraying women as both victims of patriarchal scrutiny and as complex agents challenging these limitations. Moreover, this study reflects on how literature, across cultures and time periods, has both mirrored and challenged the evolving roles of women within society, with particular attention to the enduring stereotypes and norms that shape these narratives.

Keywords: women; prejudice; stereotypes; societal norms; literary representation.

Bibliography

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Kadare, I. (1991). Nga një dhjetor në tjetrin. Paris: Fayard.

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Petya Vasileva – Grueva

Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”

[p.grueva@abv.bg]

Renegotiation of Inheritance between Generations – Traditions and Holidays in the Village of Ribnovo, Garmen Municipality

Abstract: In recent years, the village of Ribnovo, municipality Garmen, has been permanently in the media and research spotlight because of the interest in its preserved traditions, which are presented as a cultural treasure and an integral part of the identity politics of the Muslim community. Their public presentation, among other positives, supports the optimization of social relations between people and social cohesion between generations, which is important for the modern sustainable development of the community. At the same time, changes are also observed. Young people carry out social, educational and labor mobility outside the village of Ribnovo and expand their cultural ideas, which leads to reinterpretations of accepted traditions and values. These reinterpretations are related to the adaptation of wedding customs to the modern vision of the young for relevance, aesthetics and fun. The shedding of certain elements and the introduction of new rituals is necessary to meet the periodic material and spiritual challenges faced by the community. Adapted in this way, the tradition of colorful weddings and „pisani gelini“ helps to harmonize relations, overcome generational differences and renegotiate the inheritance between generations, which allows Ribnovo to save itself from the negative modern trends of depopulation, demographic stagnation and one-way labor migration, characteristic of all settlements remote from large regional centers.

Keywords: Pomaks; Bulgarian Muslims; cultural heritage; cultural agency; traditional weddings and holidays.

References

Brunnbayer, U. (1999).  Diverging (Hi-)Stories: The Contested Identity of the Bulgarian Pomaks. Ethnologia Balkanica, 3, 35–50

Muyhtar-May, F. (2014). Identity, Nationalism, and Cultural Heritage under Siege. Five Narratives of Pomak Heritage – from Forced Renaming to Weddings. Leiden.

Бокова, И. (2022). Културните наследства между познание, съпреживяване и местно развитие.  – Културни ресурси, валоризиране на наследства и местно развитие. София, ИЕФЕМ-БАН, 7–42. [Bokova, Irena 2022. Kulturnite nasledstva mezhdu poznaniye, s”prezhivyavane i mestno razvitiye.  – Kulturni resursi, valorizirane na nasledstva i mestno razvitiye. Sofiya, IYEFEM-BAN, 7–42.]

Велев, В. (2013).  Политики за опазване и популяризиране на нематериалното културно наследство. София, Академично издателство „За буквите“. [Velev, Vasil 2013.  Politiki za opazvane i populyarizirane na nematerialnoto kulturno nasledstvo. S., Akademichno izdatelstvo „Za bukvite“].  

Ганева-Райчева, В; Бокова И; Ненов, Н. (2021). Местни общности, културни наследства и музеи. София., ИЕФЕМ-БАН [ Ganeva-Raycheva Valentina; Bokova Irena; Nenov, Nikolay 2021. Mestni obshchnosti, kulturni nasledstva i muzei. Sofya., IYEFEM-BAN]

Георгиева, Цв. (1998).   Помаци – българи мюсюлмани. Общности и идентичност в България. Съст. А. Кръстева, София, Петекстон [Georgiyeva, Tsvetana 1998.   Pomatsi – balgari myusyulmani: Obshchnosti i identichnost v Balgariya. Sast. A. Krasteva, Sofiya, Petekston]

Георгиева, Цв. (1994). Съжителството като система във всекидневния живот на християните и мюсюлманите в България. Връзки на съвместимост и несъвместимост между християни и мюсюлмани в България, С. 136–154 [Georgiyeva, Tsvetana 1994.  Sazhitelstvoto kato sistema vav vsekidnevniya zhivot na khristiyanite i myusyulmanite v Balgariya. Vrazki na s”vmestimost i nes”vmestimost mezhdu khristiyani i myusyulmani v Balgariya, Sofia. 136 – 154]

Груев, М. (2008). Българомюсюлманските (помашки) идентичности – опит за типологизация. Етнически и културни пространства на Балканите. Съвременност – етноложки дискурси. Част 2. Сборник в чест на проф. Цветана Георгиева. С., 335–354. УИ Св. Климент Охридски. [Gruyev, Mikhail 2008 B”lgaromyusyulmanskite (pomashki) identichnosti – opit za tipologizatsiya. Etnicheski i kulturni prostranstva na Balkanite. Savremennost – yetnolozhki diskursi. Chast 2. Sbornik v chest na prof. Tsvetana Georgiyeva. S., 335–354. UI Sv. Kliment Okhridski.]

Груев, М., Кальонски, А. (2008). Възродителният процес. Мюсюлманските общности и комунистическият режим. София, Сиела. [Gruev, Michail, Kalionski, Aleksey 2008. Vazroditelniyat protses. Myusyulmanskite obshchnosti i komunisticheskiyat rezhim. Sofiya, Siyela.] 

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Иванова, Е. (2002).  Отхвърляните „приобщени“ или процеса наречен „възродителен“ 1912–1989 г. София [Ivanova, Eyevgeniya 2002  Otkhvarlyanite „priobshcheni“ ili protsesa narechen „vazroditelen“ 1912–1989 g. Sofiya]

Иванова, Е. (2014). Ислямизирани Балкани. Динамика на разказите. София, Нов български университет [Ivanova, Evgeniya 2014 Islyamizirani Balkani. Dinamika na razkazite. S., Nov balgarski universitet]

Кабаков, И. съст. (2020). Законодателство и професионално развитие в областта на културното наследство. Историческа реконструкция и актуално състояние в република България. София, УИ „Св. Климент Охридски“ [Kabakov, Ivan sast. 2020. Zakonodatelstvo i profesionalno razvitiye v oblastta na kulturnoto nasledstvo. Istoricheska rekonstruktsiya i aktualno s”stoyaniye v republika Balgariya. S., UI „Sv. Kliment Okhridski“]

Карамихова, М. (1993). Писаната булка от Галата. Българска етнография, кн. 3, 150 – 153 [Karamikhova, Margarita 1993 Pisanata bulka ot Galata. Balgarska etnografiya, kn. 3, 150 – 153]

Колева-Звънчарова, М. (2021). Непознатото наследство. Валидиране на знания и умения в областта на културното наследство. София, изд. „Св. Климент Охридски“[ Koleva- Zvancharova, Milena 2021. Nepoznatoto nasledstvo. Validirane na znaniya i umeniya v oblastta na kulturnoto nasledstvo. Sofya., izd. „Sv. Kliment Okhridski“]

Кюркчиева, И. (2004). Светът на българите мюсюлмани от Тетевенско. Преход към модерност. София, IMIR  [Kyurkchiyeva, Iva 2004 Svetat na balgarite myusyulmani ot Tetevensko. Prekhod kam modernost. Sofiya, IMIR]

Назърска, Ж. (2014). Културно-историческо наследство на етническите и религиозните малцинства в България: опазване, съхраняване и социализация. София, изд. За буквите. [Nazarska, Zhorzheta 2014. Kulturno-istorichesko nasledstvo na etnicheskite i religioznite maltsinstva v Balgariya: opazvane, sakhranyavane i sotsializatsiya. Sofya., izd. Za bukvite].

Ротенбърг, М. (2013). Деинституционализация на наследството. Семинар_Бг, брой 8 [Rotenberg Mishel 2013. Deinstitutsionalizatsiya na nasledstvoto. Seminar_Bg, broy 8]. Web. 04.11.2024. https://www.seminar-bg.eu/spisanie-seminar-bg/broy8/550-deinstitutsionalizatsiyata-na-nasledstvoto.html.

Сантова, М. (2014). Да уловиш неуловимото. Нематериално културно наследство. София., АИ „проф. Марин Дринов“ [Santova, Mila 2014 Da ulovish neulovimoto. Nematerialno kulturno nasledstvo. Sofiya., AI „prof. Marin Drinov“]

Страхилов, И. (2022). Наследство в преход / наследство на прехода ? Предприемачество и нематериално културно наследство в постсоциалистическа България. Anthropology. Journal for Sociocultural Anthropology.  9(1): 32–67. [ Strakhilov, Ivo 2022. Nasledstvo v prekhod / nasledstvo na prekhoda? Predpriyemachestvo i nematerialno kulturno nasledstvo v postsotsialisticheska B”lgariya. Anthropology. Journal for Sociocultural Anthropology.  9(1): 32–67]

Тончева, В. (2012). Булките с „маска“. [Toncheva Veselka 2012. Bulkite s „maska“]. Web. 04.11.2024. https://infomreja.bg/bulkite-s-maska-4685.html.

Milena Angelova

New Bulgarian University

[mangelova74@yahoo.com]

Soviet Directing, Bulgarian Plot: Film “Bulgaria” (1946) between Propaganda and Documentary

Abstract: Creating the Eastern Bloc in the postwar era entailed an intricate process which included the transformation and adjustment of Soviet institutions and politics in the countries with new communist regimes. This article presents and analyzes the first Soviet-Bulgarian documentary about Bulgaria. In 1946 Bulgarian and Soviet cinematographers started working on the first joint film production, the documentary “Earth, Culture and Life of the Bulgarian People”. The final title of the film remained only “Bulgaria”. This film was the first Soviet lesson in propaganda cinema under Soviet occupation in Bulgaria and was part of a series of similar Soviet films for the different countries in Eastern Europe at the beginning of the Cold War. In this article the film “Bulgaria” (1946) is analysed in the context of the policies of Sovietization as a significant component of the Soviet Union’s strategy in Eastern Europe after 1945 ‒ defined here as “occupation of the image”.

Keywords: Bulgaria; Soviet documentary; propaganda; Communism; Sovietization; cultural studies.

References

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Bazin, J., P. D., Glatigny, P. Piotrowski (eds.) (2016). Art beyond Borders. Artistic Exchange in Communist Europe (1945‒1989), Budapest: CЕU Press, 1–18;

Cărăbaș, I. (2017). The socialist artistic identity and the bilateral agreements in the Balkans (1945–1949). Studia Politica: Romanian Political Science Review, 17(3), 249–267.

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Dobrenko, E. (2008). Stalinist Cinema and the Production of History: Museum of the Revolution. Edinburgh University Press.

Garbolevsky, E. (2011). The Conformists: Creativity and Decadence in the Bulgarian Cinema 1945‒1989. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Hahn, B. J. (1997). Umerziehung durch Dokumentarfilm? Ein Instrument amerikanischer Kulturpolitik im Nachkriegsdeutschland (1945‒1953). Münster: Lit.

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Imesch, K., S. Schade, S. Sieber (eds.) (2016). Constructions of Cultural Identities in Newsreel Cinema and Television after 1945. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag.

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Kiaer, Ch. (2005). Imagine No Possessions: The Socialist Objects of Russian Constructivism. MIT Press.

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Malitsky, J. (2013). Post-Revolution Nonfiction Film Building the Soviet and Cuban Nations. Indiana University Press.

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Болшаков, А. (1946). Съветските филми за Югославия, България и Румъния ‒ Кино и фото, 5, 3 [Bolshakov 1(946). Savetskite filmi za Yugoslavia, Balgaria i Rumania ‒ Kino i foto, 5, 3].

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Жандов, З. (1947). Нашето участие ‒ Кино и фото, 4‒5, 18 [Zhandov, Zahari (1947). Nasheto uchastie ‒ Kino i foto, 4‒5, 18].

Кацман, Р. (1947). Замисъл и осъществение ‒ Кино и фото, 4‒5, 14–15 [Katsman, Roman (1947). Zamisal i osashtestvenie ‒ Kino i foto, 4‒5, 14–15].

Китова, И. (2023). „Неблагонадеждни“ истории – архивен прочит на досиета на „опозиционни“ служители в ДП „Българска кинематография“ в периода 1948–1958 – Балканистичен форум, 2, 181–196 [Kitova, Irina (2023). „Neblagonadezhdni“ istorii – arhiven prochit na dosieta na „opozitsionni“ sluzhiteli v DP „Balgarska kinematografiya“ v perioda 1948–1958 – Balkanistichen forum, 2, 181–196].

Кърджилов, П. (2024). 90 години Съюз на българските филмови дейци. Време военно, превратно, разделно (1941–1947) [Kardzhilov, Petar (2024). 90 godini Sayuz na balgarskite filmovi deytsi. Vreme voenno, prevratno, razdelno (1941–1947)]. Web. https://spisaniekino.com/archive-kino

Матеев, П. (1946). Българската култура, кинематография и съветското кино. ‒ Кино и фото 8, 2 [Mateev, Pantaley (1946). Balgarskata kultura, kinematografiya i savetskoto kino. ‒ Kino i foto 8, 2].

Матеев, П. (1946). Българската правда пред света ‒ Кино и фото, 4‒5, 5 [Mateev, Pantaley (1946). Balgarskata pravda pred sveta ‒ Kino i foto, 4‒5, 5].

Николов, Т. (2016). Случаят Еренбург – Култура [Nikolov, Toni 2016. Sluchayat Erenburg – Kultura]. Web. 19.11.2024. https://kultura.bg/web/.

Обретенов, Св. (1947). Музикалното оформяване ‒ Кино и фото, 4‒5, 16 [Obretenov, Svetoslav (1947). Muzikalnoto oformyavane ‒ Kino i foto, 4‒5, 16].

Пискова, М. (2000). Из документалното наследство на фондация “Българско дело” (1941–1948 г.). – Известия на държавните архиви, 80, 90–205 [Piskova, Mariyana (2000). Iz dokumentalnoto nasledstvo na fondatsiya “Balgarsko delo” (1941–1948 g.). – Izvestiya na darzhavnite arhivi, 80, 90–205].

Пискова, М. (2015). Героите на Шипка. Благоевград: УИ “Неофит Рилски” [Piskova, Mariyana (2015). Geroite na Shipka. Blagoevgrad: UI “Neofit Rilski”].

Ракова, З. (1989). Кинодокументалистиката като извор за историята на България /1944–1948. – В: Христов, Хр., М. Исусов, В. Чичовска (ред.). Втори международем конгрес по българистика, София, 23 май – 3 юни 1986 г., Доклади, т. 9 България през социализма. София: БАН, 31–37 [Rakova, Zdravka (1989). Kinodokumentalistikata kato izvor za istoriyata na Balgariya /1944–1948. – V: Hristov, Hr., M. Isusov, V. Chichovska (red.). Vtori mezhdunarodem kongres po balgaristika, Sofia, 23 may – 3 yuni 1986 g., Dokladi, t. 9 Balgariya prez sotsializma. Sofia: BAN, 31–37].

Сандомирская, И. (2012). От августа к августу: документальное кино как архив похищенных революций. ‒ Новое литературное обозрение, 5, 231–247 [Sandomirskaya, Irina (2012). Ot avgusta k avgustu: dokumental’noye kino kak arkhiv pokhishchennykh revolyutsiy. ‒ Novoye literaturnoye obozreniye, 5, 231–247].

Станимирова, Н. (1973). Кино и героика: Героят в българските филми за съпротивата. София: Наука и изкуство [Stanimirova, Neda 1973. Kino i geroika: Geroyat v balgarskite filmi za saprotivata. Sofia: Nauka i izkustvo].

Увалиев, П. (1946). „България“: съветско-българска продукция ‒ Кино и фото, 4–5, 7–8 Uvaliev, Petar (1946). „Balgariya“: savetsko-balgarska produktsiya ‒ Kino i foto, 4–5, 7–8].

Фомин, В. (2018). „Плачьте, но снимайте!..“: Советская фронтовая кинохроника 1941–1945 гг. Москва: Киновек [Fomin, Valeriy 2018. „Plach’te, no snimayte!..“: Sovetskaya frontovaya kinokhronika 1941–1945 gg. Moskva: Kinovek].

Чичовска В. (1986). Българо-съветски културни връзки (1944‒1947). В: Българо-съветски отношения и връзки. София: БАН [Chichovska Vesela 1986. Balgaro-savetski kulturni vrazki (1944‒1947). V: Balgaro-savetski otnoshenia i vrazki. Sofia: BAN].

Чичовска, В. (1979). Културната политика на народнодемократичната власт. ‒ Исторически преглед, 4–5, 114–137 [Chichovska, Vesela (1979). Kulturnata politika na narodnodemokratichnata vlast. ‒ Istoricheski pregled, 4–5, 114–137].

Чичовска, В. (1990). Международна културна дейност на България 1944–1948. София: БАН, 1990 [Chichovska, Vesela (1990). Mezhdunarodna kulturna deynost na Balgariya 1944–1948. Sofia: BAN, 1990].

Юткевич, С. (ред.) (1986). Кино: Энциклопедический словарь. Москва: Исскуство [Yutkevich, Sergey (red.) (1986). Kino: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar’. Moskva: Isskustvo].

Янакиев, А. (2003). Синема BG, София: Титра [Yanakiev, Aleksandar (2003). Sinema BG, Sofia: Titra].

Vladislav Milanov

Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski“

[vladislavmilanov77@abv.bg]

The Language of Archives in Landmark Court Cases Against Bulgarian Writers

Abstract: The language of archives has been scarcely studied in Bulgarian linguistics. Therefore, this article aims to explore and analyze archival documents related to the judicial proceedings against two prominent Bulgarian intellectuals and writers – Geo Milev and Peyo Yavorov. The focus of the scholarly analysis is Geo Milev’s impassioned defense addressed to the District Court, in which his professional legal knowledge intertwines expertly with his keen sensitivity to the power of words in literary texts and their function as a message to the reader. Two worlds collide – that of the intellectual creator and that of the legal administrator. For Peyo Yavorov, it is challenging to summarize in a brief text the documents related to Case 205, a landmark case that transformed his life. Although only about 300 of the original 850 pages remain in the archives, this article attempts to outline the typical linguistic features through which identification is sought in order to address this complex, unsolvable issue.

Keywords: archives; legal discourse; marked vocabulary; judicial proceedings.

References

Миланов, В., Жилова, Т. (2021). Право, правопис и правоговор. София, Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“. [Milanov, Zhilova (2021). Pravo, pravopis i pravogovor. Sofiya, Universitetsko izdatelstvo „Sv. Kliment Ohridski“.].

 Нейкова, А. (2007). Архиви и общество. София: СОФИ-Р, 2007, 290 с. [Andriana Neykova. Arhivi i obshtestvo. Sofiya: SOFI-R, 2007, 290 s.]

Гайдаров, Н. (1979). Житейската драма на Яворов. Правни и психологически изследвания., с. 217 – 279. [N. Gaydarov, Zhiteyskata drama na Yavorov. Pravni i psihologicheski izsledvaniya. S., 1979, s. 217–279.].

Magdalena Kostova–Panayotova

Sofia University “Saint Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria

[mpanayotova@diuu.uni–sofia.bg]

The Imagined Memory/Invented History

Abstract: Rushdie’s first essay, in his book Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism 1981-1991, published four years before The Moor’s Last Breath, seems to me very important to the understanding of this novel. In this Rushdie essay, exiled writers are seen as haunted by a sense of loss, but the homeland is always imagined, the view of it, a view through broken mirrors. However, they are not simply mirrors of nostalgia, but “a useful tool with which to work in the present…we are not gods, but wounded beings, cracked lenses, capable of only fragmentary perceptions” (Rushdi 1991). Rushdie compares the emigrant’s gaze to the past, to the imagined homeland, to the “Indian of the mind” with that of Lot’s wife: even if you turn into a pillar of salt, you cannot resist looking back. For the writer, the novel is one of the ways to deny the official, political version of the truth, quoting Kundera: “Man’s struggle against power is a struggle of memory against forgetting” (ibid.). The novel’s title receives various illuminations in the course of the text, referring both successively and simultaneously to the story of Boabdil, to the iconic “Song of my Cid” (the comparison of Bella with Jimena and Camoinche with Cid, later in the novel, the story of the Japanese artist and the Moor), to Shakespeare’s “Othello”, but also to the gas station with the same name “Last Breath” at the beginning of the text. The historical eras to which the narrative is directed at the very beginning are several: the Spanish Reconquista of Granada and the exile of the Moors, the establishment of trade relations between Europe and India, the colonial expansion of Portugal, social and political events in India in the 20th century, and the narrative in the writer’s ironically mimetic strategy it resembles the classic novels of the 19th century, describing the lives and family histories of four generations of Gamma-Zogobi.

Keywords: Rushdie; imaginary homelands; the exile of the Moors; memory.

References

Ahmad, D. (2005). This fundo stuff is really something new: Fundamentalism and Hybridity in The Moor’s Last Sigh. The Yale Journal of Criticism, Volume 18, Number 1, Spring 2005, pp. 1-20(Article).Published by Johns Hopkins University Press DOI:For additional information about this article[ This content has been declared free to read by the pubisher during the COVID19pandemic.] –

https://doi.org/10.1353/yale.2005.0002https://muse.jhu.edu/article/183096

Banville, J., (2000). “Interview with Salman Rushdie.” The New York Review of Books 40.5, March 4, 1993, 34–36. Reprinted in Conversations with Salman Rushdie, edited by Michael R. Reder, 152–161. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi,

Coetzee, J. M., (1996). “Palimpsest Regained.” Rev. of ‑e Moor’s Last Sigh, by Salman Rushdie. ‑e New York Review of Books 21 Mar.:pp13–16.

De Loughry, T., (2020). Worlds in Collision: Salman Rushdie, Globalisation, and Postcoloniality-in-Crisis. The Global Novel and Capitalism in Crisis. pp 45-86.

D’haen, Th., (1997). Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh, or, The Emotional Depths of Postmodernism. Emotion in Postmodernism, American Studies 74, Gerhard Hoffmann and Alfred Hornung, ed., Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter, pp. 225-35.

Dibra, Jashari, (2024). Women as the main charactersin the history of the world literature: comparative parallels between “The lost honour of Katharina Blum” and “A Moonlit Night” . Linguarum universe, volume 1, issue 2, pp. 217

Greenberg, J., (1996). ‘­e Base Indian’ or ‘the Base Judean’?: Othello and the Metaphor of the Palimpsest in Salman Rushdie’s ‑e Moor’s Last Sigh.Modern Language Studies 29.2 (1999): 93–107.

Guttman, A., (2013). Writing Indians and Jews: Metaphorics of Jewishness in South Asian Literature, NY, 2013

Halkin, H., (1996). Salman Rushdie Surrenders. Commentary 102.1(1996): 59 – https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/hillel-halkin/salman-rushdie-surrenders/

Henry, M., (2015). Neoliberalism’s Children: India’s Economy, Wageless Life, and Organized Crime in The Moor’s Last Sigh ariel: A Review of International English Literature, Volume 46, Number 3,July 2015, pp. 137-163. Published by Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: For additional information about this article[ This content has been declared free to read by the publisher during the COVID-19 pandemic.] https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2015.0017https://muse.jhu.edu/article/589876

Hutcheon, L., (2000). A Theory of Parody: The Teachings of Twentieth-Century Art Forms., University of Illinois Press.

Laouyene, A., 2007. Andalusian poetics: Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh and the limits of hybridity. Ariel, vol. 38, no. 4, 2007, p. 143+. Accessed 1 July 2020.

Rushdie, S., 1991. Imaginary Homelands. L., P. 9.

Rushdie, S., (1995). The Moor’s Last Sigh, London: Jonathan Cape, London.

Rushdie, S., (2012).  East, West / Salman Rushdie. – Vintage Digital, New ed. Edition, Amazon Digital Services.

Tolkachev, S. (2003). Multikulturnyj kontekst sovremennogo anglijskogo romana, disertacia, Moskva, MGU.

Andrii Ozhohan

National University “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”, Ukraine

[lingnlinguistic@gmail.com]

Viacheslav Kalinichenko

Municipal Establishment “Kharkiv Humanitarian Pedagogical 

Academy”, Kharkiv Regional Council, Ukraine

[kalinichenko_viacheslav23@ukr.net]

Petro Kostyuchok

Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine

[petro9.Kostyuchok@pnu.edu.ua]

Liubomyra Aizenbart

Drohobych State Pedagogical University named after Ivan Franko,

Ukraine

[liubomyra15.ayzen@ukr.net]

Liliia Shcherbin

Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine

[lilia1.scherbin@pnu.edu.ua]

The Impact of Extralingual Factors on the Language Situation of Modern Ukraine

Abstract: The aim of the research is to study the impact of extralingual factors on the current language situation of Ukraine in the context of the dehumanization and cosmopolitanization of the modern globalized world. The research employed such methods as analysis of open sources and empirical data of sociological research, content analysis of Internet publications and factor analysis, and observation. The results of the study show that the language situation in Ukraine has radically changed over the past few years in terms of its main parameters: quantitative, qualitative, and evaluative. The main factor of these changes is hybrid and direct Russian aggression, which has become the greatest threat to political independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine, as well as the existence of the Ukrainian nation. The analysis evidenced that despite the powerful destructive influence of various extralinguistic factors on the language situation in the state, its evaluation characteristics have significantly improved. Constant monitoring and systematic comprehensive analysis of the language situation will contribute to the harmonization of the language space of Ukraine.

Keywords: Ukraine, language situation; extralingual factors; state policy; socio-political factors; hybrid and direct aggression.

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Boyko, М. І. (2021). Language situation in secondary education of Donetsk region (based on sociolinguistic research). Studia Philologica, 2, 7-14. https://doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2021.171.

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Natalia Surguladze

Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Georgia

[natalia.surguladze@bsu.edu.ge], http://orcid.org/0000‐0002‐6868‐5398

Irine Goshkheteliani

Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Georgia

[irine.goshkheteliani@bsu.edu.ge], http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-640X

Sophio Kakhidze

Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Georgia

[kakhidze_sophie@yahoo.fr], http://orcid.org/0009-0006-6859-8266

French, English, and Georgian National and Cultural Heritage Reflected in Idioms

Abstract: This paper explores the national and cultural heritage embedded in French, English, and Georgian idiomatic expressions, examining how language reflects cultural values, beliefs, and stereotypes associated with different nations and regions. Figurative expressions, such as idioms, proverbs, metaphors, and similes, often encapsulate elements specific to a particular culture or society. Analyzing these expressions provides valuable insights into a nation’s collective mindset, history, and social dynamics. Many of these units distinctly express the national identity of a language, reflecting customs, culture, traditions, and everyday behaviors. These include kinetic codes, which represent the national worldview and express the specifics of world perception and the distinctive ways of thinking characteristic of a particular culture. This study encompasses the complex culture and ethnopsychology of the French, English, and Georgian peoples and their unique modes of figurative thinking.

This research aims to analyze the national characteristics reflected in French, English, and Georgian idioms, particularly those related to etymology and the customs of these cultures, which have acquired various semantic connotations over time. The methodology of this idiom research in the three languages involves comparative and contrastive analysis, lexical and semantic analysis, identification of national characteristics, etymological analysis, cultural contextualization, and cultural semantics. As a result, the following factors were found to be nearly common among the French, English, and Georgian peoples: boasting, love, friendship, family, labor, intelligence, skill, humor, cowardice, patience, suffering, loyalty, kindness, courage, forgetfulness, avoidance, help, guidance, ridicule, insult, talkativeness, stupidity, hedonism, pessimism, appearance, and treason. Analyzing French, English, and Georgian idiomatic expressions reveals both similarities and differences, highlighting cultural nuances across these languages.

Keywords: idioms; national characteristics; cultural heritage; etymology; cultural contextualization.

Bibliography

Bibileishvili, T., Darashvili, L., & Gachava, R. (2010). ფრანგულ-ქართული ფრაზეოლოგიური ლექსიკონი [prangul-kartuli prazeologiuri leksikoni]-[French- xGeorgian Phraseological Dictionary].Tbilisi: Diogene.

Bolkvadze Kh. (2017). კულტურული მეხსიერების და კონცეპტის თარგმნის პრობლემები [kulturuli mexsierebis da konceptis targmnis problemebi]-[Semiotic mechanism of cultural memory and the problem of concept Translation]. Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, (PhD dissertation),

https://www.bsu.edu.ge/text_files/ge_file_9392_1.pdf

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Andreana Eftimova

Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”

[a.eftimova@uni-sofia.bg]

Linguistic Technologies in Branding: Artistic Variations at the Biennale Arte in Venice 2024

Abstract: The research aims to establish the role of language in the branding of national, transnational and regional identities in the works of art selected for the Venice Biennale 2024. The analysis shows that the notion of language as a unifying concept of national identity is greatly shaken. The use of text in works of art shows the clash and destruction of traditional values and identities. In most national pavilions and individual participants, the theme is the return to or push away from traditional identities. The texts in the works of art are monolingual, discussing the problems of colonialization, women’s and transgender identity, and multilingual, thematizing the increasing feeling of alienation in a globalized world based on gender, religious, etc. differences. The use of intentional language variants or speech imitations suggests the person’s inability to talk about the suffering and violence, as well as to connect with others.

Keywords: branding; language; text; Biennale Arte in Venice; identity.

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Srđan M Jovanović

Nankai University, Tianjin, China

[smjovanovic@nankai.edu.cn]

Zakonik Danila Prvog and Religious Identity: Orthodox Christianity in Montenegrin Legal Thought

Abstract: This article explores the Zakonik Danila Prvog (Code of Danilo I) as a foundational legal document that shaped Montenegrin governance and national identity by integrating Orthodox Christian values into the state’s legal framework. Established in 1855, the Zakonik reflected the influence of Orthodox Christianity on justice, morality, and public life, while also serving as a tool for asserting Montenegrin sovereignty against Ottoman and Catholic influences. The analysis investigates the deep interconnection between law, religion, and national identity, comparing the Zakonik with Eastern Orthodox canon law and highlighting its role in regulating religious life, family law, and public morality. Additionally, the article discusses the tensions between customary tribal laws and Christian doctrine and explores how non-Orthodox communities were governed under this legal framework. The broader implications of the Zakonik for Balkan legal and religious history are also examined.

Keywords: Zakonik Danila Prvog; Orthodox Christianity; Montenegrin national identity; Balkan legal history; Church-State relations.

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