Author: bforum1992@gmail.com

  • Antony Hoyte-West

    Antony Hoyte-West

    Independent scholar, United Kingdom

    [antony.hoyte.west@gmail.com],

    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4410-6520

    Monuments and Landmarks in Decolonisation and Decommunization Processes: A Comparison of Romania and Bulgaria with Trinidad & Tobago

    Abstract: In the light of the presence of ongoing debates and discussions on the legacies of colonisation and/or communism, this article presents a comparative desk-based qualitative overview of approaches regarding relevant monuments and landmarks in three selected countries – the Caribbean nation of Trinidad & Tobago, and the two southeastern European nations of Romania and Bulgaria. After giving a succinct summary of the historical aspects and sociocultural composition of the three countries, the study then presents nascent steps which have recently been taken in Trinidad & Tobago to address this aspect of the colonial legacy, including the creation of an officially-designated Cabinet Appointed Committee to Review the Placement of Statues, Monuments, and Signage in the country, as well as an initial public consultation on the matter in August 2024. With the situation in Trinidad & Tobago still at an early stage, the article then uses a range of recently scholarly literature to consider the state of affairs in Bulgaria and Romania. The focus is primarily on the fate of several domestic Communist-era monuments in the years after 1989, thereby providing perspectives on some of the relevant political and societal discussions and debates. Reiterating that this process is still ongoing in Trinidad & Tobago, the article concludes by proffering some brief considerations for further analysis and research on the topic.

    Keywords: Bulgaria; postcolonial; post-communist; Romania; Trinidad & Tobago.

    Bibliography

    Agarin, T. (2020). The (not so) surprising longevity of identity politics: contemporary challenges of the state-society compact in Central Eastern Europe. East European Politics, 36(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2020.1714598

    Albert, S. (2024). The survival of Hinduism through temples: The case of the Temple in the Sea, Triveni Mandir, and Brothers Road Hindu Mandir in Trinidad. In A. O. Ramsey and J. Teelucksingh (eds.). Independence, colonial relics, and monuments in the Caribbean (pp. 103-123). Lexington Books.

    Anderson, B. (2006 [1983]). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism. Verso.

    Bădescu, G. (2020). Rewritten in stone: imperial heritage in the sacred place of the nation. Cultural Studies, 34(5), 707-729.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2020.1780283

    Bassot, B. (2022). Doing qualitative desk-based research: A practical guide to writing an excellent dissertation. Policy Press.

    https://doi.org/10.56687/9781447362456

    Brereton, B. (2024). A colonial relic? Trinidad and Tobago and the Trinity Cross. In A. O. Ramsey and J. Teelucksingh (eds.). Independence, colonial relics, and monuments in the Caribbean (pp. 11-23). Lexington Books

    BTS (2024). 100 национални туристически обекта.

    https://www.btsbg.org/nacionalni-dvizheniya/100-nacionalni-turisticheski-obekta

    Chiruta, I. (2022). Multifaced Hungarian kin-state activism in Szeklerland: Rebuilding the last ‘nation’ through restorative nostalgia and lieux de memoire. Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 21(1), 69-110.

    https://doi.org/10.53779/LLCW3331

    Danforth, L., Carter, F. W., Dimitrov, P., & Bell, J. D. (2024). Bulgaria. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria

    Debruyne, N., & Nazarska, G. (2024). Contentious heritage spaces in post-communist Bulgaria: Contesting two monuments in Sofia. Journal of Historical Geography, 83, 176-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2023.09.003

    Dobre, C. F. (2015). Uses and misuses of memory: Dealing with the communist past in postcommunist Bulgaria and Romania. In M. Pakier & J. Wawrzyniak (eds.), Memory and change in Europe: Eastern perspectives (pp. 299-316). Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781782389309-020

    Dobre, C. F. (2021). The patrimonialization of the communist past in Romania: Laws, memorials, and monuments. Balkanistic Forum, 30(1), 179-195.

    https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i1.11

    Dobre, C. F. (2024a). Communism in post-communist Romania: An ambivalent legacy. Balkanistic Forum, 33(2), 120-142.

    https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.9

    Dobre, C. F. (2024b). “Alyosha, go home!”: The monuments of the Soviet Army in Romania and Bulgaria from the end of World War II until the present. Kunsttexte.de – Journal für Kunst-und Bildgeschichte, 2024(1), 1-15.

    https://doi.org/10.48633/ksttx.2024.1.102643

    Duncan, N. (2024). Historian hails Trinidad plan to remove Columbus ships from coat of arms. The Guardian (25 August). https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/25/historian-hails-trinidad-plan-remove-columbus-ships-coat-of-arms-steelpan

    Gabowitsch, M. (2024). Mimetic de-commemoration: The fate of Soviet war memorials in Eastern Europe in 2022-2023. Kunsttexte.de – Journal für Kunst-und Bildgeschichte, 2024(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.48633/ksttx.2024.1.102647

    Hoskins, G., & James, L. (2024). Commemorating Picton in Wales and Trinidad: Colonial legacies and the production of memorial publics. Journal of Historical Geography, 83, 68-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2023.11.010

    Hoyte-West, A. (2021). A return to the past? The Spanish as the First Foreign Language policy in Trinidad & Tobago. Open Linguistics, 7(1), 235-243.

    https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2021-0018

    Hoyte-West, A. (2023). On the trail of the first interpreters in early British colonial Trinidad: An exploration of relevant historical aspects. Vertimo studijos, 16, 81-99. https://doi.org/10.15388/VertStud.2023.5

    Hoyte-West, A. (2024). On promoting literacy in regional and minority languages: some potential pointers from Central and Eastern Europe for Trinidad English Creole. Traduction et Langues, 23(1), 18-33. https://doi.org/10.52919/translang.v23i1.968

    Ivanova, A. (2023). Three monuments, one fate. Research on the cultural heritage of socialism in Bulgaria. Klironomy, 9, 1-12.. http://doi.org/10.47451/her2023-12-01

    Jahgoo, D. (2024). Gender imbalance in statues and building names in Trinidad and Tobago and at The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine. In A. O. Ramsey and J. Teelucksingh (eds.). Independence, colonial relics, and monuments in the Caribbean (pp. 141-157). Lexington Books.

    Jarosz, K. (2021a). National narratives of ‘occupation’ in historical museums of the post-Soviet landscape. In J. E. Taylor (ed.), Visual histories of occupation (pp. 229-245). Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350167513.ch-010

    Jarosz, K. (2021b). Captioning the occupation: The role of textual elements in the process of building national narratives in historical museums. QScience Connect, 2021(3), Article 5. http://doi.org/10.5339/connect.2021.tii.5

    Jõekalda, K. (2024). Historiography of now: Russian/Soviet monuments under debate in Europe. Kunsttexte.de – Journal für Kunst-und Bildgeschichte, 2024(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.48633/ksttx.2024.1.102627

    Joseph, O. (2022). History and public memory in Tobago: Opportunities and obstacles. History, 107(375), 249-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-229X.13264

    Kaleva, E., & Vasileva, A. (2020). “Unity, creativity, beauty” – decline and survival of socialist memorial sites in Bulgaria. ICOMOS – Hefte des Deutschen Nationalkomitees, 73, 130-136. https://doi.org/10.11588/ih.2020.0.75107

    Kelbecheva, E. (2009). Politics of cultural memory in Bulgaria (Communist and post-Communist monuments). Balkanistic Forum, 2009(1-2-3), 85-98.

    Kelleher, M. (2009). Bulgaria’s communist-era landscape. The Public Historian, 31(3), 39-72. https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2009.31.3.39

    Latham, E., Cucu, V. S. , Turnock, D., & Hitchins, K. A. (2024). Romania. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Romania

    Lee, C. (2024). Drama at first consultation on statues, monuments. Trinidad & Tobago Guardian (29 August). https://www.guardian.co.tt/news/drama-at-first-consultation-on-statues-monuments-6.2.2093791.bafba061ff

    Matthews, G. (2021). Toppling the colonizers in Trinidad and Tobago. NACLA Report on the Americas, 53(2), 181-186,

    https://doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2021.1923223

    Morris, A. J. (2024). Crossing the threshold: Exploring the Five Islands’ role in Trinidad’s Indian indentureship legacy. In A. O. Ramsey and J. Teelucksingh (eds.). Independence, colonial relics, and monuments in the Caribbean (pp. 61-80). Lexington Books.

    Nora, P. (1989). Between memory and history: Les lieux de mémoire. Representations, 26, pp. 7-24. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928520

    Pashova, A., & Vodenicharov, P. (2014). The first Russian monuments in Bulgaria devoted to the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877–1878: Transformations of memory. Balkanistic Forum, 2014(1-2-3), 61-76.

    Pashova, A., Popova, K., Piskova, M., Angelova, M., Muratova, N., & Vodenicharov, P. (2013). ‘Battles in the past’ or ‘battles for the past’: Bulgarian national models of memory and memory policy. Balkanistic Forum, 2013(1), 34-55.

    Petersen, H.-C. (2024). Colonialism, racism and Eastern Europe. Problem definition. Copernico. History and Cultural Heritage in Eastern Europe.

    https://www.copernico.eu/en/link/66decc76640f44.54996505

    Petrova, M. (2017). Crisis of the memory – two monuments from the socialist era today. Research in Arts and Education, 2017(2), 10-20.

    https://doi.org/10.54916/rae.118832

    Preda, C. (2023). Postsocialist statuary politics in Romania and Bulgaria: An ambivalent socialist heritage. Comparative Southeast European Studies, 71(2), 147-168. https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2022-0043

    Ramsey, A. O., & Teelucksingh, J. (2024a). Independence, colonial relics, and monuments in the Caribbean. Lexington Books.

    Ramsey, A. O., & Teelucksingh, J. (2024b). Introduction. In A. O. Ramsey and J. Teelucksingh (eds.). Independence, colonial relics, and monuments in the Caribbean (pp. 1-9). Lexington Books.

    Rigney, A. (2022). Toxic monuments and mnemonic regime change. Studies on National Movements, 9, 7-41. https://doi.org/10.21825/snm.85270

    Rikev, K. (2022). Pomniki Armii Radzieckiej w Bułgarii jako instrument w narodowej debacie nad historyczną pamięcią i zapomnieniem. Kultura Słowian. Rocznik Komisji Kultury Słowian PAU, 18, 67-80.

    https://doi.org/10.4467/25439561KSR.22.005.16357

    Rose-Redwood, R., Baird, I. G., Palonen, E., & Rose-Redwood, C. (2022). Monumentality, memoryscapes, and the politics of place . ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 21(5), 448–467.

    https://doi.org/10.14288/acme.v21i5.2266

    Schenk, G. (2023). Renaming Kyiv’s streets amid the Russian war of invasion: The politics of history between “decommunization” and “derussification”. The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: History, 64, 140-169.

    https://www.doi.org/10.26565/2220-7929-2023-64-07

    Statues, Monuments, and Signage in Trinidad and Tobago (2024a). The Cabinet Appointed Committee to Review the Placement of Statues, Monuments, and Signage in Trinidad and Tobago is hosting a public consultation. Instagram (23 August). https://www.instagram.com/ttstatuesmonumentssignage/p/C-_tEEjIJkN/

    Statues, Monuments, and Signage in Trinidad and Tobago (2024b). The Cabinet Appointed Committee to Review the Placement of Statues, Monuments, and Signage in Trinidad and Tobago recently held a public consultation in Trinidad. Instagram (9 September). https://www.instagram.com/ttstatuesmonumentssignage/p/C_tPVKrv0Tl/?img_index=1

    Trinidad and Tobago Guardian (2022). Brereton to head Cabinet-appointed committee to review historic statues, signages (3 August). https://www.guardian.co.tt/news/brereton-to-head-cabinetappointed-committee-to-review-historic-statues-signages-6.2.1527731.e1faad65d8

    Trotman, D. V. (2006). Public history, landmarks and decolonization in Trinidad. Journal of Caribbean History, 40(1), 39-64.

    Trotman, D. V. (2012). Acts of possession and symbolic decolonisation in Trinidad and Tobago. Caribbean Quarterly, 58(1), 21-43.

    http://doi.org/10.1080/00086495.2012.11672429

    TTT Live Online (2024). Public Consultation on the Review of the Placement of Statues, Monuments and Signage in T&T. YouTube (28 August).

    Vasileva, A., & Kaleva, E. (2017). Recharging socialism: Bulgarian socialist monuments in the 21st century. Studia Ethnologica Croatica, 29(1), 171-192.

    https://doi.org/10.17234/SEC.29.5

    Vukov, N. (2008). The “unmemorable” and the “unforgettable”:“Museumizing” the socialist past in post-1989 Bulgaria. In O. Sarkisova & P. Apor (Eds), Past for the eyes. East European representations of communism in cinema and museums after 1989 (pp. 307-334). Central European University Press.

    Watts, D., Robinson, A. N. R., & Brereton, B. M. (2024). Trinidad and Tobago. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Trinidad-and-Tobago.

  • Lenka J. Budilová

    Lenka J. Budilová

    Charles University, Prague

    [lenka.jakoubkovabudilova@fhs.cuni.cz]

    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4311-6359

    Marek Jakoubek

    University of Pardubice

    [marek.jakoubek@upce.cz]

    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7235-5327

    Geographies of sharing and the East/West divide in Europe. The case of HomeExchange

    Abstract: Sharing economy supposed to be a current global, or at least Western, phenomenon, running across geographic, nation or culture borders. In the globalized world, everybody with the access to the Internet can participate in sharing economy platforms. This article shows that this is not the case even within the West, more specifically Europe. The text argues that the participation in the hospitality platforms follow old political, geographical and culture borderlines in Europe. The authors use the example of HomeExchange.com, a hospitality platform built on the sharing economy business model, to show that contemporary hospitality networks might reproduce the old borderlines and culture divides.

    Keywords: sharing economy; Europe; Eastern Europe; Western Europe; hospitality tourism; HomeExchange.

    Bibliography

    Belk, R. (2014a). You are what you access: Sharing and collaborative consumption online. Journal of Business Research, 67(8), 1595–1600.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.02.016.

    Belk, R. (2014b). Sharing Versus Pseudo-Sharing in Web 2.0. The Anthropologist, 18(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2014.11891518.

    Botsman, R., & Roo, R. (2010). What´s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption. NY: Harper Business.

    Budilová, L. J. & Jakoubek, M. (2014). Romové, Československo a transnacionalismus, Sociológia, 46(5), 487-503.

    Burawoy, M., & Verdery, K. (Eds.). (1999). Uncertain Transition: Ethnographies of Change in Postsocialist World. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Casado-Diaz, M. A., Casado-Díaz, A. B., & Hoogendoorn, G. (2020). The home exchange phenomenon in the sharing economy: a research agenda. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 20(3), 268–285.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2019.1708455.

    Creed, G. (2010). Strange Bedfellows: Socialist Nostalgia and Neoliberalism in Bulgaria. In M. Todorova, & Z. Gille (Eds.), Postcommunist Nostalgia. NY: Berghahn Books, 29–45. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qd8t4

    Česnuitytė, V. et al. (2022). The Sharing Economy in Europe. Developments, Practices, and Contradictions. Palgrave: Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86897-0.

    Chambers, E. (2010). Native Tours: The Anthropology of Travel and Tourism (2nd ed.).Prospect Hights, IL: Waveland Press.

    Crommelin, L., Troy, L., Martin, Ch., & Pettit, Ch. (2018). Is Airbnb a sharing economy superstar?. Urban Policy and Research, 36(4), 429–444.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2018.1460722.

    Davies, N. (1996). Europe (A History). Random House.

    Decrop, A., Del Chiappa, G., Mallargé, J., & Zidda, P. (2018). Couchsurfing has made me a better person and the world a better place. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1307159.

    De Groote, P., & Nicasi, F. (1994). Home exchange: An alternative form of tourism and case study of the Belgian market. The Tourist Revue, 49(1), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb058147.

    Dredge, D., & Gyimóthy, S. (2015). The collaborative economy and tourism: Critical perspectives, questionable claims, and silenced voices. Tourism Recreation Research, 40(3), 286–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2015.1086076.

    Eriksen, T. H. (2016). Overheating: An Anthropology of Accelerated Change. Pluto Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1cc2mxj.

    Eriksen, T. H. (2019). Beyond a Boundary. Flows and mixing in the Creole world. In T. H. Eriksen, & M. Jakoubek (Eds.), Ethnic Groups and Boundaries Today. Routldege. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429461552.

    Eriksen, T. H., & Schober, E. (Eds.). (2016). Identity Destabilised. Living in an Overheated World. Pluto Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1gk07wf.

    Farmaki, A., & Miguel, C. (2022). Peer-To-Peer Accommodation in Europe: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities. In V. Česnuitytė et al., The Sharing Economy in Europe. Developments, Practices, and Contradictions (pp. 115–135). Palgrave: Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86897-0.

    Forno, F., & Garibaldi, R. (2015). Sharing Economy in Travel and Tourism: The Case of Home-Swapping in Italy. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 16(2), 202–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2015.1013409.

    Frederiksen, M. & Knudsen, I. (2015). Introduction: What is a grey zone and why is Eastern Europe one?. In I. Knudsen & M. Frederiksen (Eds.), Ethnographies of Grey Zones in Eastern Europe (pp. 1–22). Anthem Press.

    Goody, J. (1996). Comparing Family Systems in Europe and Asia: Are There Different Sets of Rules?. Population and Development Review, 22(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137684.

    Green, S. F. (2005). Notes from the Balkans. Locating Marginality and Ambiguity on the Greek-Albanian Border. Princeton University Press.

    Green, S. F. (2015). Making Grey Zones at the European Peripheries. In I. H. Knudsen, & M. D. Frederiksen (Eds.), Ethnographies of Grey Zones in Eastern Europe (pp. 173–185). Anthem Press.

    Grit, A., & Lynch, P. (2011). An analysis of the development of homeexchange organisations. Research in Hospitality Management, 1(1), 19–24.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/22243534.2011.11828271.

    Gupta, M., Esmaeilzadeh, P., UZ, I. & Tennant, V. M. (2019). The effects of national cultural values on individuals´ intention to participate in peer-to-peer sharing economy. Journal of Business Research, 97, 20–29.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.018.

    Gupta, A., & Feguson, J. (1992). Beyond “Culture”: Space, Identity, and the Politics of Difference. Cultural Anthropology, 7(1), 6–23.

    https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382089-001.

    Hajnal, J. (1965). European Marriage Patterns in Perspective. In D. V. Glass, & D. E. C. Eversley (Eds.), Population in History: Essays in Historical Demography (pp. 101–143). Edward Arnold Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315127019-7

    Hajnal, J. (1982). Two Kinds of Preindustrial Household Formation System. Population and Development Review. 8(3), 449–494. Wiley.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/1972376.

    Hann, Ch. (1994). After Communism: Reflections on East European anthropology and the “transition”. Social Anthropology, 2(3), 229–249.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8676.1994.tb00279.x.

    Hann, Ch. (Ed.). (2002). Postsocialism: Ideals, Ideologies and Practices in Eurasia. Routledge.  https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203428115.

    Harms E. et al. (2014). Remote and edgy. New takes on old anthropological themes. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 4(1), 361–381.

    https://doi.org/10.14318/hau4.1.020.

    Hedberg, Ch., & Do Carmo, R. M. (Eds.). (2012). Translocal Ruralism. Mobility and Connectivity in European Rural Spaces. Springer.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2315-3_1

    Jung, Y. (2019). Balkan Blues. Consumer Politics after State Socialism. Indiana University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvc77ngv

    Kideckel, D. A. (1993). The Solitude of Collectivism: Romanian Villagers to the Revolution and Beyond. Cornel University Press.

    Kim, S., Lee, K., Koo, Ch., & Yang, S. B. (2018). Examining the influencing factors of intention to share accommodations in online hospitality exchange networks. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(1), 16–31.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1244024

    Lang, B., Botha, E., Robertson, J., Kemper, J. A., Dolan, R., & Kietzman, J. (2020). How to grow the sharing economy? Create prosumers!. Australasian Marketing Journal, 28(3), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2020.06.01

    Laslett, P. (1971). The world we have lost: England before industrial age (2nd ed.). Charles Scribner´s Sons.

    Mauss, M. (1966). The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies. Cohen & West Ltd.

    Miguel, C., Avram, G., Klimczuk, A., Simonovits, B., Balázs, B., & Česnuitytė, V. (2022). The Sharing Economy in Europe: From Idea to Reality. In V. Česnuitytė et al., The Sharing Economy in Europe. Developments, Practices, and Contradictions (pp. 3–18). Palgrave: Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86897-0_1.

    Možný, I. (2003). Why So Easily …: Some Family Reasons for the Velvet Revolution. Karolinum.

    Paasi, A. (1998). Boundaries as social processes: Territoriality in the world of flows. Geopolitics, 3(1), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650049808407608.

    Rev, I. (1987). The Adavantages of Being Atomized: How Hungarian Peasants Coped with Collectivization. Dissent, 34, 335–350.

    Russo, A., & Quaglieri Domínguez, A. (2016). Home exchanging. A shift in the tourism marketplace. In J. Rickly, K. Hannam, & M. Mostafanezhad (Eds.), Tourism and Leisure Mobilities (pp. 147–164). Routledge.

    Sahlins, M. (1972). Stone Age Economics. Routledge.

    Sampson, S. (2002). Weak States, Uncivil Societies and Thousands. NGOs: Benevolent Colonialism in the Balkans. In S. Resic, & B. Törnquist-Plewa (Eds.), The Balkans in Focus: Cultural Boundaries in Europe (pp. 27–44). Nordic Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.919520.5.

    Saxer, M. (2016). Pathway: A Concept, Field Site and Methodological Approach to Study Remoteness and Connectivity. HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies, 36(2), 104–119.

    Sdrali, D., Goussia-rizou, M., Giannouli, P., & Kokkinis, M. (2015). Exploring Home Exchange in Greece: An alternative choice of vacation, Almatourism. Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 12(6), 211–214.

    https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-5195/5856.

    Sigala, M. (2017). Collaborative commerce in tourism: implications for research and industry. Currect Issues in Tourism, 20(4), 346–355.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2014.982522.

    Slee, T. (2015). What´s yours is mine. Against the Sharing Economy. OR Books. https://doi.org/10.1111/wusa.12241.

    Stronza, A. (2001). Anthropology of Tourism: Forging New Ground for Ecotourism and Other Alternatives. Annual review of anthropology30(1), 261–283. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.30.1.261.

    Szołtysek, M. (2015). Rethinking East-Central Europe: family systems and co-residence in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Peter Lang.

    Tadmor, N. (1996). The Concept of the Household-Family in Eighteen Century England. Past & Present, 151(1), 111–140.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/past/151.1.111.

    Todorova, M. (1997). Imagining the Balkans. Oxford University Press.

    Todorova, M. (2001). On the Epistemological Value of Family Models: The Balkans within the European Pattern. In: R. Wall, T. Hareven, & J. Ehmer (Eds.), Family History Revisited (pp. 242–255). University of Delaware Press. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004382305_017.

    Todorova, M., Dimou, A., & Troebst, S. (Eds.). (2014). Remembering Communism. Private and Public Recollections of Lived Experience in Southeast Europe. Central European University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9789633860328.

    Todorova, M., & Gille, Z. (Eds.). (2010). Post-Communist Nostalgia. Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.3167/9781845456719.

    Verdery, K. (1994). The Elasticity of Land: Problems of Property Restitution in Transylvania. Slavic Review, 53(4), 1071–1109. https://doi.org/10.2307/2500847.

    Verdery, K. (1996). What Was Socialism and What Comes Next? Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400821990.

    Vertovec, S. (2001). Transnationalism and identity. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 27(4), 573–582. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830120090386.

    Wolff, L. (1994). Inventing Eastern Europe. The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment. Stanford University Press.

    https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804765299.
  • Uğur Durmaz

    Uğur Durmaz

    Kocaeli University, Türkiye

    [ugur.durmaz@kocaeli.edu.tr]

    Reading the Shaping Effects of Myths on Society Around the Concept of Social Engineering: The Case of Altai Creation Myth

    Abstract: In this article, the Altai Creation Myth compiled by Wilhelm Radloff will be analyzed around the concept of social engineering used in social sciences. The aforementioned text was preferred because it is widely known and contains a wide process. In the light of the expressions in the myth text, it will be discussed whether the creators of this structure had any attempt to direct or shape the society. In the light of questions such as why myths are produced by the society, how they are used, how they affect the group structure, it will be questioned whether social control is attempted to be achieved and whether an engineering is applied to the society as a result. As a result of these discussions, myths will be read differently from an interdisciplinary perspective and the results of what kind of effects such products have on primitive people will be explained.

    Keywords: myth; Altai creation myth; social control; social engineering; folklore.

    References

    Atabek, N. (2003). Propaganda and Social Control. Selcuk Communication, 2(4), s. 4-12.

    Azimli, E., & Coşun, A. (2023). S Social Control and Religion: The Control Power of Religion on Religious Individuals. Aydın Journal of Human and Society, 9(1), s. 1-16.

    Bayat, F. (2005). Introduction to Mythology. Çorum: Karam Publications.

    Büyükokutan Töret, A. (2017, Haziran). The Function of Azerbaijan Turks Proverbs to Provide Social Control Mechanism. Hitit University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 10(1), s. 197-208.

    Eliade, M. (2001). Properties of Myths. Istanbul: Om Publishing House

    Göka, E. (2006). Turkish Group Behavior. Ankara: Aşina Books.

    Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç., & Cemalcılar, Z. (2014). Human and People from Yesterday to Today Introduction to Social Psychology. Istanbul: Evrim Publishing House.

    Kefeli, E. (2013). Ahmet Mithat Efendi as a Social Engineer. New Turkish Literature Journal (7), s. 27-35.

    Krech, D., & Crutchfild, S. R. (1980). Social Psychology. Istanbul: Ötüken Publishing.

    Malinowski, B. (1998). Primitive Society. Ankara: Öteki Publishing

    Oğuzcan, A. U. (2023). A Research on the Past, Present and Future of Public Relations from a Social Engineering Approach. Istanbul: Marmara University, Social Sciences University, Department of Public Relations, Division of Public Relations, Unpublished Doctoral Thesis.

    Ögel, B. (2010). Turkish Mythology. Ankara: Ataturk Culture Language and History High School Turkish Historical Society Publications.

    Özcan, M. T. (1998). Social Control in Primitive Societies. Istanbul: Özne Publications.

    Özdemir, N. (2023). Religion and New Media as a Tool of Social Control. Çukurova University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 32(3), 42-50.

    Park, R. E., & Burgess, E. W. (2017). Assimilation and Social Control Introduction to Sociology II. Istanbul: Pinhan Publishing.

    Sivri, M. (2022). Myth, Mythocriticism and Symbolic Imagery in Terms of Comparative Literature. Belgü Ardahan University Journal of the Faculty of Human Sciences and Literature, s. 48-58.

    Ün, L. (2022). An Evaluation on Social Control as a Management Mechanism. Academic Review, 19(79), s. 1-14.

  • Zaur Hasanov

    Zaur Hasanov

    Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology

    of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences

    [zaurmail@gmail.com], ORCHID ID: 0009-0008-5674-9818

    Relationships between the Roman Empire,

    Caucasian Albania and Sarmatians

    Abstract: Classical written sources describe the trade relations between Caucasian Albania and other regions of the South Caucasus with Black Sea region, as well as Latin epigraphic monument found in Gobustan (Azerbaijan), pointing to the military campaigns of the Roman Empire in this region. Some researchers believe that the legion was sent here to campaign against the Sarmatians. Greek epigraphy devoted to a man named Eunon on a stone slab dated to the 2nd century AD was found in Sheki, Azerbaijan. Below it there are depiction of three Sarmatian tamgas, which have parallels in the Lower Don River region. During the same time there is some archaeological evidence of the Roman type findings in the region of Albania – fibulae, phials, silver denarius of Emperor Augustus. Some of these items are found in the graves with items of the Sarmatian type – paste beads, iron swords and daggers with ring-shaped pommels, tanged tri-lobate arrowheads and knifes. During this period there was an active infiltration of the Sarmatian tribes into the South Caucasus from the North, recorded in the Classical written sources and registered by archaeological findings of Azerbaijan. Archaeological evidence points to the existence of some connections between the Sarmatian and Roman type findings in the region. Sarmatians could have played an important role of mediation between South Caucasus and Roman provinces of the Near East and Black Sea Region. Another route of contacts between these regions could be through the water channels which connected the the Black Sea region with Central Asia. According to some researchers there was a water road starting from Amu Darya River through Uzboy to the Caspian Sea, then to the Kura River and from there to the Roman provinces of the Black Sea region.

    Reference

    Aliev, K. G. (1962) K Voprosu ob istochnikakh i literature po istorii drevnei Kavkazskoi Albanii. In: Aliev I. (ed.) Voprosy istorii Kavkazskoi Albanii, Baku: Akademiia nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, 5-17.

    Alimova Dilorom, Rtveladze Edvard, Abdurasulov Ulfat (2009) Sredniaia Aziia – Zakavkaze – Rim: O Znachenii Vodnogo Puti po Amu-Dare cherez Kaspiiskoe More v Zakavkaze. In: Kliashtornyi S. G., Mustafaev Sh. M. (eds.) “Doroga Strabona” kak chast Velikogo Shelkovogo puti, Samarkand-Tashkent: IICAS, Smi-Asia, 9-13.

    Ambroz, A. K. (1966) Fibuly iuga Evropeiskoi chasti SSSR II v. do n.e. – IV v. n.e.  (Arkheologiia SSSR D1-30). Moscow: Glavnaia redaktsiia vostochnoi literatury.

    Asadov, V. A. (2010) K khronologii obriada kuvshinnykh pogrebenii Azerbaidzhana. Vestnik Instituta istorii, arkheologii i etnografii (Dagestan) No. 4, 90–97.

    Babaev, Ilias (2009) Arkheologicheskie sledy Velikogo Shelkovogo puti na territorii Azerbaidzhana. In: Kliashtornyi S. G., Mustafaev Sh. M. (eds.) “Doroga Strabona” kak chast Velikogo Shelkovogo puti. Samarkand-Tashkent: IICAS, Smi-Asia, 23-26.

    Braund, David. (2003) Notes from the Black Sea and Caucasus: Arrian, Phlegon, and Flavian Inscriptions. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia, 9, 3–4, 175–191.

    Bronze thymiaterion (incense burner) with Marsyas. Etruscan late 4th century BCE. (accessed 10 November 2024)The Metropolitan Museum of Art

    (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/255400

    Dreer, M. (1994) Pompei na Kavkaze: Kolkhida, Iberiia, Albaniia. Vestnik drevnei istorii, No. 1, 20-32.

    Dzhafarov, Iu. R. (1985) O lokalizatsii khramovoi oblasti v Kavkazskoi Albanii, Vestnik drevnei istorii, No. 2, 97-104.

    Dzhafarzade, I. M. (1948) Drevne-latinskaia nadpis u podoshvy gory Beiuk-Dash. Doklady akademii nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, t. IV, No. 7, 304-311.

    Dzhavadov, I. Sh. (1960) O stoianke rimskikh voisk zimoi 66/65 g. do n. e. v Zakavkaze. Doklady AN Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Baku, No. 7, 707-709.

    Efremov, N. V. (2012) K voprosu o torgovykh putiakh v vostochnom Prichernomore v ellinisticheskii period, ili ob odnom istoricheskom mife. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul-tury. Journal of historical, philological and cultural Studies, vyp. XV.  Moscow–Magnitogorsk, 3-27.

    Egami Namio, Fukai Shinji, Masuda Seiichi (1966) Dailaman II: The Excavations at Noruzmahale and Khoramrud 1960, Tokyo: The University of Tokyo.

    Elnitskii, L. A. (1950) Rimliane u Kaspiiskikh vorot. Vestnik drevnei istorii, No. 1, 193-194.

    Goshgarly, G. O. (2012a) Syrtsovye grobnitsy i obriad zakhoroneniia s “obolom kharona” na territorii Kavkazskoi Albanii. Vestnik Dagestanskogo nauchnogo tsentra, No. 45, 60-66.

    Goshgarly, G. O. (2012b) Tipologiia pogrebalnykh pamiatnikov antichnogo perioda na territorii Azerbaidzhana. Baku: Elm.

    Goshgarly, Goshgar (2009) Iz istorii izucheniia “Dorogi Strabona” v Azerbaidzhane. In: Kliashtornyi S. G., Mustafaev Sh. M. (eds.) “Doroga Strabona” kak chast Velikogo Shelkovogo puti. Samarkand-Tashkent: IICAS, Smi-Asia, 33-40.

    Gozalishvili, G. K. (1956) O drevnem torgovom puti v Zakavkaze. Trudy Instituta istorii im. I. A. Dzhavakhishvili AN GSSR t. II, Tbilisi, 153-160.

    Griffin, Miriam (2000) The Flavians. In: Browman A. K., Garnsey P. (eds.) The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. XI, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-83.

    Gudkova, A. V. (1964) Tok-kala. Tashkent.

    Iampolskii, Z. I. (1950) Vnov otkrytaia latinskaia nadpis u gory Beiuk-Dash (Azerbaidzhanskaia SSR). Vestnik drevnei istorii, No. 1, 177-182.

    Iampolskii, Z. I. (1956) K izucheniiu drevnego puti iz Kaspiiskogo moria po reke Kure cherez Gruziiu k moriu. Trudy Instituta istorii im. I. A. Dzhavakhishvili AN GSSR, t. II, Tbilisi, 161-180.

    Iatsenko, S. A. (2001) Znaki-tamgi iranoiazychnykh narodov drevnosti i rannego srednevekovia. Moscow: Vostochnaia literatura.

    Ilinskaia, V. A., Terenozhkin, A. I. (1983) Skifiia VII—IV vv. do n. e. Kiev: Naukova dumka.

    Kaziev, S. M. (1949) Arkheologicheskie raskopki v Mingechaure/ Azərbaycan maddi mədəniyyəti, Baku: Azərbaycan SSR EA, I, 9-49.

    Latyshev, V. V. (1904) Zametki o kavkazskikh nadpisiakh, III, Izvestiia Imperatorskoi Arkheologicheskoi Komissii, vyp. 10, Sankt-Peterburg: Imperatorskaia AN, 103-105.

    Manandian, Ia. A. (1939) Krugovoi put Pompeia v Zakavkaze. Vestnik drevnei istorii, No. 4, 70-82.

    Mosheeva, O. N. (2008) Glazchatye busy. Rossiiskaia arkheologiia, No. 4, 23-33.

    Mukasheva, R. R. (1972) K voprosu o torgovom puti, prokhodivshem po territorii Srednei Azii v drevnosti. Drevnii Vostok i antichnyi mir, Moscow: MGU, 12-20.

    Olbrikht, Marek Ian (2009) Strabon i Okh: Nekotorye zamechaniia po rekam antichnoi Тsentral-noi Azii. In: Kliashtornyi S. G., Mustafaev Sh. M. (eds.) “Doroga Strabona” kak chast Velikogo Shelkovogo puti. Samarkand-Tashkent: IICAS, Smi-Asia, 86-91.

    Pakhomov, E. A. (1949) Rimskaia nadpis I v. n. e. i legion dvenadtsatogo Fulminata. Izvestiia AN Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Baku, No. 1, 79–88.

    Pakhomov, E. A. (1951) Monety Mingechaura. Azərbaycan maddi mədəniyyəti, Baku: AN Azərbaycan SSR EA, II, 141-166.

    Potts, Albert M. (1982) The World’s Eye. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.

    Qazıyev, S. M. (1960) Küp qəbirləri albomu. Bakı: Elmlər Akademiyası nəşriyyatı.

    Rasulova, Maiia M. (2008) Torgovo-Ekonomicheskie i kul-turnye sviazi kavkazskoi  Albanii s antichnym i ellinisticheskim mirom: IV v. do  n.e. – III v. n.e. Baku: Mütərcim.

    Rasulova, Maiia (2009) Numizmaticheskie dannye o transkavkazskoi magistrali Indiia–Pont. In: Kliashtornyi S. G., Mustafaev Sh. M. (eds.) “Doroga Strabona” kak chast Velikogo Shelkovogo puti. Samarkand-Tashkent: IICAS, Smi-Asia, 122-124.

    Smyshliaev A. L. (2018) Latinskaia nadpis iz Azerbaidzhana: problemy i istoriia interpretatsii. Vestnik drevnei istorii, 78/3, 581-610.

    Speidel, Michael Alexander (2014) The Roman Army. In: Bruun C., Edmondson J. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy. Oxford–New York: Oxford University Press, 319-344.

    Syma Тsian. (1950) Istoricheskie zapiski, razdel “Shi tszy”, gl. 123. Citation after: Bichurin N. Ia. Sobranie svedenii o narodakh, obitavshikh v Srednei Azii v drevnie vremena, t. II, Moscow-Leningrad: AN SSSR, 149-151.

    Tarn, W. W. (1901) Patrocles and the Oxo-Caspian Trade Route, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. XXI, 10-29.

    Tolstov, S. P. (ed.) (1960) Nizovia Amudari i Sarykamysh, Uzboi. Istoriia formirovaniia i zaseleniia. Materialy Khorezmskoi ekspeditsii, Vyp. 3. Moscow: AN SSSR.

    Trever, K. V. (1959) Ocherki po istorii i kulture Kavkazskoi Albanii: IV v. do n.e. – VII v. n.e. Moscow–Leningrad: AN SSSR.

    Tumbil, P. X. (1948) Rimskaia nadpis I v. n. e., obnaruzhennaia v predelakh Azerbaidzhana (Kabristan). Doklady AN Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Baku, t. IV, No. 7, 312—313.

    Vainberg, B. I. (1977) Monety drevnego Khorezma. Moscow: Glavnaia redaktsiia vostochnoi literatury.

    Vainberg, B. I. (2005) Vodnyi put po Amudare i kultovye tsentry vblizi nego. Problemy istorii, filologii, kultury, vyp. XV, Moscow–Magnitogorsk, 13-18.

    Vainberg, B. I. (1999) Etnografiia Turana v drevnosti. Moscow: Vostochnaia literatura.

    Archaeological and Numismatic Fund materials.

    Yellow clay jug with rounded shape, narrow neck and small loop-shaped vertical handles on the sides: Archaeological Fund of the National Museum of History of Azerbaijan – AF no. 1013.

    Three legged bowl: Archaeological Fund of the National Museum of History of Azerbaijan – AF no. 1434

    Yellow clay jug with rounded shape, narrow neck and small loop-shaped vertical handles on the sides: Archaeological Fund of the National Museum of History of Azerbaijan – AF no. 15763.

    Figere: Archaeological Fund of the National Museum of History of Azerbaijan – AF no. 1589.

    Sword of Sarmatian type: Archaeological Fund of the National Museum of History of Azerbaijan –  AF no. 1814.

    Deer shaped vessel: Archaeological Fund of the National Museum of History of Azerbaijan – AF no. 1887.

    Trilobate arrow heads: Archaeological Fund of the National Museum of History of Azerbaijan – AF no. 2286.

    Balsamarium: Archaeological Fund of the National Museum of History of Azerbaijan – AF no. 24195.

    Silver denarii of Emperor Augustus: Numismatic Fund of the National Museum of History of Azerbaijan – NF no. 875, 4005, 4489.

  • Dragi Ǵorgiev

    Dragi Ǵorgiev

    Institute of National History, Skopje

    [gjorgiev.dragi@yahoo.com]

    Ottoman Heritage in Balkans and Nationalism

    Abstract: The ethno-centric study of the Ottoman past after the establishment of the national Christian countries on the Balkan causes many negative stereotypes. Today the cultural and historical heritage from that period is still followed with the negative perception which affects the every-day life of the people living on the Balkan. The aim of this text is to show that for the Macedonian state the Ottoman heritage still represents a serious disability, which can not be fully absorbed and integrated in the contemporary Macedonian society. This will be done through several examples of the Ottoman heritage in Republic of North Macedonia, which is one of the most significant segments of the multiculturalism in this country.

    Keywords: Ottoman heritage; mosque; Torbeshi; nationalism; North Macedonia.

    Bibliography

    Ангелов, Д. (1960). Богомилството въ България. Наука и Изкуство. [Angelov, D. (1960). Bogomilstvoto va Bulgaria. Nauka i Izkustvo.]

    Fraenkel, Е. (1995). Turning a Donkey into a Horse: Paradox into Identity of Makedonci Muslimani. Balkan forum, Vol.3, No. 4(13), (December 1995), 153-163.

    Friedman, V. A. (2003). Language in Macedonia as an Identity Construction Site. When Languages Collide: Perspectives on Language Conflict, Language Competition, and Language Coexistence, Columbus (Ohio), 257-295.

    Кумбараџи-Богојевиќ, Л. (1998). Османлиски споменици во Скопје. Исламска заедница во РМ. [Kumbaraџi-Bogoјeviќ, L. (1998). Osmanliski spomenitsi vo Skopјe. Islamska zaednitsa vo RM.]

    Лиманоски, Н. (1989). Исламската религија и исламизираните Македонци. Македонска книга. [Limanoski, N. (1989). Islamskata religiјa i islamiziranite Makedontsi. Makedonska kniga.]

    Лиманоски, Н. (1993). Исламизацијата и етничките промени во Македонија. Македонска книга. [Limanoski, N. (1993). Islamizatsiјata i etnichkite promeni vo Makedoniјa. Makedonska kniga.]

    Павловић, М. (1940). Скопски торбеши – најстарије српско племе на Балканском Полуострову, Јужна Србија, 27 XI 1939, бр. 94, 112 – 125. [Pavloviћ, M. (1940). Skopski torbeshi – naјstariјe srpsko pleme na Balkanskom Poluostrovu, Јuzhna Srbiјa, 27 XI 1939, br. 94, 112 – 125.]

    Паликрушева, Г. (2016). Исламизација на Торбешите и формирање на Торбешката субгрупа. Природно-математички факултет, Институт за етнологија. [Palikrusheva, G. (2016). Islamizatsiјa na Torbeshite i formiraњe na Torbeshkata subgrupa. Prirodno-matematichki fakultet, Institut za etnologiјa.]

    Стојановски, А. (1987). Прашањето за потеклото на името Торбеш и неговото првично споменување во пишувани извори. Историја, фолклор и етнологија на исламизира-ните Македонци., Републичка заедница на културно научните манифестации на Македонците муслимани, 29-38. [Stoјanovski, A. (1987). Prashaњeto za potekloto na imeto Torbesh i negovoto prvichno spomenuvaњe vo pishuvani izvori. Istoriјa, folklor i etnologiјa na islamizira-nite Makedontsi., Republichka zaednitsa na kulturno nauchnite manifestatsii na Makedontsite muslimani, 29-38.]

    Стојановски, С. (2022). Инкорпорирање на Македонците муслимани како дел од македонската нација. Историја,бр. 2, 141-58.[ Stoјanovski, S. (2022). Inkorporiraњe na Makedontsite muslimani kako del od makedonskata natsiјa. Istoriјa,br. 2, 141-58.]

    Тодоровски, Г. (2000). Демографските процеси и промени во Македонија од крајот на XIV век до Балканските војни. Матица македонска. [Todorovski, G. (2000). Demografskite protsesi i promeni vo Makedoniјa od kraјot na XIV vek do Balkanskite voјni. Matitsa makedonska.]

    Хаџи Василјевић, Ј. (1924). Муслимани наше крви у јужној Србији. Штампарија “Св. Сава”. [Haџi Vasilјeviћ, Ј. (1924). Muslimani nashe krvi u јuzhnoј Srbiјi. Shtampariјa “Sv. Sava”.]

    Чулевъ, П. (1926). Обиколка из албански селища в прищинско, призренско, дебърско и охридско. Известия на Народния етнографически музеи в София, год. 6, кн. 1–4, 107 – 121. [Chulev, P. (1926). Obikolka iz albanski selishta v prishtinsko, prizrensko, debarsko i ohridsko. Izvestia na Narodnia etnograficheski muzei v Sofia, god. 6, kn. 1–4, 107 – 121.]

  • How to Claim Free Spins at GoldenBet: A Complete Player’s Guide

    Online casinos vary widely in quality — this guide cuts through the noise and covers only what actually matters for a smooth experience. Whether you are new to the platform or a regular, understanding how to claim and wagering free spins properly saves time, money, and frustration. This article walks you through every practical step, from account setup to troubleshooting common issues.

    Quick Checklist

    • Confirm you are at least 18 years old and the site is legal in your jurisdiction.
    • Have a valid email address and a phone number ready for verification.
    • Prepare a government-issued ID (passport, driver’s license) for KYC checks.
    • Choose a deposit method that supports instant transfers — cards, e-wallets, or crypto.
    • Read the bonus terms: wagering requirements, maximum bet size, game restrictions.
    • Set a budget and stick to it — never chase losses.

    Account Setup

    Creating a GoldenBet account is straightforward. Follow these steps to ensure a smooth registration and immediate eligibility for promotions, including goldenbet free spins.

    1. Visit the official free spins GoldenBet website from your computer or mobile browser.
    2. Click the “Sign Up” or “Register” button — usually located in the top right corner.
    3. Fill in the registration form: full name, date of birth, email address, phone number, and home address. Use your real details — they must match your ID documents later.
    4. Choose a username and a strong password. Use a mix of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols. Avoid reusing passwords from other sites.
    5. Select your preferred currency. Most players choose EUR, USD, or cryptocurrency like Bitcoin or Ethereum.
    6. Accept the terms and conditions and privacy policy. Tick the box if you want to receive promotional emails (recommended for bonus offers).
    7. Click “Create Account”. You will receive a verification email. Click the link inside to verify your email address.
    8. Log in for the first time using your new credentials. Complete the phone number verification if prompted — this adds an extra layer of security.
    9. Go to the “Promotions” or “Bonus” section to find active free spins offers. You may need to use a goldenbet promo code during registration or in the cashier. No code? Sometimes the bonus is auto-credited on first deposit.

    Wagering Calculation

    Understanding how wagering requirements work is essential to turning free spins into withdrawable cash. Let’s walk through a typical example.

    Suppose you receive 100 free spins on a slot game, and each spin is valued at $0.10. Total bonus value = 100 × $0.10 = $10. The terms state a 35x wagering requirement on the bonus amount. Your wagering target = $10 × 35 = $350. You must place bets totaling $350 before any winnings become withdrawable.

    Now assume you win $25 from those free spins. To withdraw that $25, you still need to wager $350 (not $25). Only after completing the $350 wagering volume will the $25 (plus any additional wins during wagering) be moved to your cash balance.

    Important: Not all games contribute equally to wagering. Slots usually count 100%, while table games like blackjack or roulette often count only 10%–20%. For example, if you bet $10 on slots, $10 counts toward the requirement. If you bet $10 on blackjack at 10% contribution, only $1 counts. Always check the game contribution table in the bonus terms.

    Formula: (wagering requirement) = (bonus value) × (wagering multiplier). Example: $10 × 35 = $350. If you use a goldenbet promo code that gives a deposit bonus plus free spins, the wagering may apply to both the deposit and the bonus amounts.

    Security

    Your safety online matters. GoldenBet uses standard industry security measures. The site is protected by 128-bit SSL encryption, which scrambles data between your browser and their servers. This prevents third parties from intercepting sensitive information like passwords or payment details.

    For goldenbet casino login, you should always use a private network (not public Wi-Fi) and consider enabling two-factor authentication (2FA) if available. The site verifies your identity through KYC (Know Your Customer) checks — you will need to upload a photo ID and a proof of address. This is a legal requirement to prevent fraud and money laundering. It also ensures that only you can withdraw your funds.

    Important: Never share your account credentials with anyone. Support staff will never ask for your password. If you suspect unauthorized access, change your password immediately and contact support.

    Deposits & Withdrawals

    Funding your account and cashing out winnings should be simple. GoldenBet supports multiple payment methods. Below is a quick reference table for the most common options.

    Payment Method Deposit Time Withdrawal Time Minimum Deposit
    Visa / Mastercard Instant 2–5 business days $20
    Skrill / Neteller Instant 24 hours $10
    Bitcoin / Crypto Instant Up to 24 hours $20 equivalent
    Bank Transfer 2–3 business days 3–7 business days $50

    To make a deposit, log in, go to the cashier, choose your method, enter the amount, and follow the prompts. For withdrawals, use the same method if possible — this is called “reverse withdrawal”. The first withdrawal may require additional verification documents. Processing times vary, but e-wallets are fastest. Note that winnings from Curacao-licensed casinos may be subject to local income tax depending on your country. Check your local laws and consider consulting a tax advisor.

    Worth Knowing

    Not all games are equal when it comes to RTP (Return to Player). Slots with high RTP (96% and above) give you a better theoretical return over time. Look for titles like Blood Suckers (98%), Starburst (96.09%), or Mega Joker (99%). Avoid low-RTP slots (under 92%) like some branded games or progressives where the RTP is reduced to fund the jackpot. Table games like blackjack (99.5% with basic strategy) and baccarat (98.9%) often have better odds than slots. If you have free spins, they almost always apply to specific slot games listed in the promotion — check which ones to maximize your expected value.

    Fix It Fast

    Even experienced players encounter hiccups. Here are common problems and their solutions.

    • Problem: Forgot password at goldenbet casino login. Fix: Click “Forgot Password” on the login page. Enter your email. Follow the reset link sent to your inbox. Create a new strong password. If email doesn’t arrive, check spam folder or contact support.
    • Problem: Free spins not credited after deposit. Fix: Check if you entered a valid goldenbet promo code at deposit. Confirm the minimum deposit amount is met. If still missing, go to the Promotions page to manually claim the offer. Contact live chat if problem persists.
    • Problem: Withdrawal pending for more than 48 hours. Fix: Verify your KYC documents are approved. Check that you have met all wagering requirements. If everything is in order, contact support with your transaction ID.
    • Problem: Game won’t load or freezes. Fix: Clear browser cache and cookies. Update your browser to the latest version. Disable ad-blockers for the casino site. Try a different browser or device. As a last resort, restart your router.
    • Problem: Country or payment method not allowed. Fix: Check the terms for your country in the footer. Use an alternative payment method like crypto if available. Otherwise, play only at a casino that accepts your region.
    • Problem: Cannot access site (blocked in your country). Fix: Use a trusted VPN service — but check the casino’s terms first, as some prohibit VPN use. Alternatively, access via the mobile-optimized website or progressive web app (PWA) that can be launched from your browser.

    FAQ

    Do I need a promo code to get free spins?

    Not always. Some free spins are auto-credited upon first deposit or registration. However, using a goldenbet promo code can unlock bigger or exclusive bundles. Check the promotions page for current codes.

    How long do free spins last once credited?

    Typically, free spins expire within 24 to 72 hours after being credited. Always check the specific terms to avoid losing them. Use them as soon as possible after deposit.

    Can I use free spins on any slot game?

    No. Free spins are tied to specific games listed in the promotion — often popular slots like Book of Dead or Gonzo’s Quest. Playing on other games may not count toward wagering or may void the bonus.

    What is the maximum bet allowed while wagering a bonus?

    Most casinos cap the maximum bet during wagering at $5 or €5 per spin. Exceeding this amount can void your bonus and any winnings. Check the terms carefully.

    Are winnings from free spins withdrawable immediately?

    No. Winnings are credited as bonus funds and must be wagered (typically 30x–50x) before they become cash. Only after meeting the wagering requirement can you withdraw them.

    Why did my withdrawal get rejected?

    Common reasons include incomplete KYC, unmet wagering requirements, withdrawal amount below minimum, or use of an unapproved payment method. Contact support to learn the exact reason and how to resolve it.

    Can I play live dealer games using free spins?

    Usually not. Free spins are almost exclusively for slot games. Live dealer games have their own separate bonuses and promotions. Check the terms to see which games are excluded.

    What happens if I deposit with cryptocurrency?

    Crypto deposits are usually instant and come with lower fees. Withdrawals in crypto are often processed faster (within 24 hours). However, the same wagering rules apply as with fiat currencies. The minimum deposit in crypto is typically around $20 equivalent.

    Is my personal data safe with GoldenBet?

    Yes, as long as you play on the official site. The casino uses SSL encryption and adheres to privacy regulations. However, you should always use strong passwords and never share your account details.

    Getting the best value from casino play comes down to understanding the terms, managing your bankroll, and staying informed. Use this guide to claim goldenbet free spins confidently, avoid common pitfalls, and enjoy a secure experience. Always gamble responsibly and know when to stop.

  • Goldbet Casinò: Guida Pratica al Bonus di Benvenuto

    Whether you are a first-time visitor or returning to Goldbet casino bonus code, this guide covers the essential features you need to know. Qui troverai tutto ciò che serve per iniziare a giocare su Goldbet, dalla creazione dell’account alla scelta dei giochi, senza dimenticare i codici bonus che possono arricchire la tua esperienza.

    Preparativi

    Prima di iniziare, assicurati di avere tutto il necessario:

    • Documento d’identità valido (carta d’identità, passaporto o patente) per la verifica KYC.
    • Un indirizzo email attivo e un numero di telefono per la registrazione e le notifiche.
    • Un metodo di pagamento accettato, come carta di credito, prepagata o portafoglio elettronico.
    • Una connessione internet stabile, sia che tu usi il computer o il telefono.

    È anche importante controllare i termini e le condizioni del bonus per capire i requisiti di scommessa e le scadenze.

    Configurazione dell’Account

    La registrazione su Goldbet è semplice e richiede solo pochi minuti:

    1. Visita il sito ufficiale di Goldbet tramite il browser del tuo dispositivo.
    2. Clicca su “Registrati” e compila il modulo con i tuoi dati personali: nome, cognome, data di nascita e indirizzo.
    3. Scegli un nome utente e una password sicura. Ti consigliamo di attivare la verifica in due passaggi (2FA) per una protezione extra.
    4. Inserisci il codice bonus se ne hai uno, oppure lascia il campo vuoto e contatta l’assistenza per eventuali promozioni.
    5. Conferma l’account tramite il link inviato via email.
    6. Effettua il primo deposito utilizzando uno dei metodi di pagamento disponibili.

    Dopo la registrazione, completa la verifica dell’identità caricando i documenti richiesti. Questo passaggio è obbligatorio per poter prelevare le vincite.

    Giochi e Offerte

    Goldbet offre una vasta gamma di opzioni: dalla goldbet app, che ti permette di giocare da mobile in modo fluido, alla goldbet bingo, dove puoi divertirti con le classiche sale da bingo, fino alla goldbet casinò, che include slot, roulette, blackjack e giochi con dealer dal vivo. Le offerte promozionali includono bonus di benvenuto, giri gratuiti e programmi fedeltà. Per sfruttare al meglio i bonus, leggi sempre i requisiti di scommessa (es. 35x) e i giochi che contribuiscono al loro soddisfacimento. Ecco un riepilogo dei principali metodi di pagamento:

    Metodo Tipo Tempi di attesa per il prelievo
    Mastercard/Visa Carta di credito 2-5 giorni lavorativi
    Skrill Portafoglio elettronico 24 ore
    PayPal Portafoglio elettronico 24 ore
    Bonifico bancario Banca 3-7 giorni lavorativi

    Ricorda che i tempi possono variare in base alla verifica e al metodo scelto.

    In conclusione, Goldbet è una piattaforma completa per chi cerca emozioni nel gioco d’azzardo. Sia che tu preferisca il bingo, le slot o i giochi da tavolo, troverai tutto ciò che ti serve. Assicurati di giocare responsabilmente e di rispettare i limiti di età e di budget. Goditi l’esperienza con il codice bonus e inizia oggi stesso! Potresti essere tu il prossimo vincitore.

  • 777 Casino Bonuscode: Zo Gebruik Je Hem als een Pro

    Most iGaming guides are vague. This one is not — every step here is specific, actionable, and based on how the platform actually works. Of je nu een doorgewinterde speler bent of net begint, deze gids leidt je door het gebruik van een 777 casino bonuscode, van registratie tot het maximaliseren van je speelplezier.

    Wat Je Eerst Nodig Hebt

    Voordat je begint, zorg dat je het volgende bij de hand hebt:

    • Een geldig e-mailadres voor verificatie.
    • Een smartphone of computer met internetverbinding.
    • Bewijs van identiteit (ID of paspoort) voor de KYC-procedure.
    • Een betaalmethode die door het casino wordt ondersteund (creditcard, e-wallet of bankoverschrijving).
    • Een kopie van de bonuscode of promotievoorwaarden, zodat je weet aan welke voorwaarden je moet voldoen.

    Account Aanmaken

    Volg deze stappen om je account te registreren bij een casino online 777:

    1. Ga naar de website van het casino. Je vindt de officiële link via 777 Casino bonus code of via een betrouwbare zoekopdracht.
    2. Klik op de knop ‘Registreren’ of ‘Aanmelden’ en vul het registratieformulier in met je persoonlijke gegevens.
    3. Vul, indien gevraagd, de 777 casino bonuscode in het daarvoor bestemde veld in. Dit is vaak een apart veld tijdens de registratie of bij de eerste storting.
    4. Bevestig je e-mailadres door op de verificatielink te klikken die je per e-mail ontvangt.
    5. Voltooi de KYC-verificatie door een kopie van je identiteitsbewijs en eventueel een adresbewijs te uploaden. Dit is verplicht om later geld te kunnen opnemen.
    6. Doe je eerste storting via een van de beschikbare betaalmethoden. Vergeet niet om de bonuscode te activeren als dit bij de storting moet.

    Mobiel Spelen

    Het casino online 777 is volledig geoptimaliseerd voor mobiele apparaten. Je hebt geen aparte app nodig; de mobiele website werkt soepel in je browser. Voeg de site toe aan je startscherm voor snelle toegang, net als een progressieve web app (PWA). Dit is ideaal voor spelers die onderweg willen spelen, zonder in te leveren op kwaliteit of veiligheid.

    Je Bonus Maximaliseren

    Om het meeste uit je 777 casino bonuscode te halen, is het belangrijk om de voorwaarden te begrijpen. Een veelvoorkomende bonus is bijvoorbeeld een 100% matchbonus tot een bepaald bedrag. Stel dat je €50 stort en een 100% bonus ontvangt tot €100. Dan krijg je €50 extra speeltegoed. De bonusvoorwaarden vereisen vaak dat je het bonusbedrag een aantal keer inzet voordat je kunt opnemen. Stel dat de inzetvereiste 30x is, dan moet je €50 x 30 = €1.500 inzetten voordat de bonus vrijkomt.

    Let ook op de maximale inzet tijdens het vrijspelen van de bonus en welke spellen bijdragen aan de inzetvereiste. Gokautomaten doen meestal 100% mee, terwijl tafelspellen zoals blackjack soms maar 10% bijdragen.

    Worth Knowing

    Als je je bonus wilt gebruiken op spellen met de hoogste uitbetalingspercentages (RTP), kies dan voor gokkasten met een RTP van 96% of hoger. Titels zoals ‘Starburst’ en ‘Book of Dead’ staan bekend om hun gunstige RTP. Vermijd spellen zoals progressieve jackpots, waarvan het RTP vaak lager is, of spellen met een house edge van meer dan 3%, zoals sommige kortdurende tafelspellen. Een goede strategie is om eerst de bonusvoorwaarden te controleren welke spellen in aanmerking komen.

    Waar Spelers Vragen over Stellen

    Kan ik de 777 casino bonuscode meerdere keren gebruiken?

    In de meeste gevallen is een bonuscode eenmalig. Controleer de algemene voorwaarden van het casino; vaak is de code alleen geldig voor de eerste storting of een specifieke actie.

    Wat gebeurt er als ik de bonuscode vergeet in te vullen?

    Als je de bonuscode niet invult, mis je mogelijk de bonus. Neem contact op met de klantenservice binnen een redelijke termijn na je storting. Zij kunnen de bonus mogelijk alsnog toevoegen, maar dit is niet gegarandeerd.

    Zijn de 777 casino free spins hetzelfde als de bonuscode?

    Nee, 777 casino free spins zijn vaak een aparte promotie. De bonuscode kan betrekking hebben op een stortingsbonus, terwijl free spins als extraatje worden gegeven, soms zonder code. Lees altijd de voorwaarden.

    Moet ik belasting betalen over mijn winsten?

    Afhankelijk van de licenties van het casino: als het casino een Curaçaose licentie heeft, kan het zijn dat je in jouw land belasting moet betalen over de winsten. Controleer dit met een belastingadviseur; veel spelers in de EU zijn verplicht om hun gokwinsten aan te geven.

    Conclusie

    Met deze stappen en tips kun je vol vertrouwen een 777 casino bonuscode gebruiken. Onthoud dat gokken leuk moet zijn, maar altijd met mate. Zorg dat je de voorwaarden begrijpt en speel verantwoord. Veel succes en plezier!

  • Giocodigitale Bonus: Guida Pratica per Massimizzare le Vincite

    Online casinos vary widely in quality — this guide cuts through the noise and covers only what actually matters for a smooth experience. Con particolare attenzione al giocodigitale bonus, questa guida ti condurrà passo dopo passo attraverso la configurazione dell’account, l’uso su mobile e le strategie per ottenere il massimo dalle promozioni, senza dimenticare i consigli pratici per gestire eventuali ritardi nei prelievi.

    Prerequisiti

    • Età minima legale per il gioco d’azzardo nel tuo paese (solitamente 18 anni).
    • Un documento d’identità valido (carta d’identità, passaporto o patente di guida) per la verifica KYC.
    • Un metodo di pagamento tra quelli supportati: carte di credito/debito, portafogli elettronici (come Skrill o Neteller) o bonifico bancario.
    • Una connessione internet stabile e un dispositivo aggiornato (smartphone, tablet o computer).
    • Avere familiarità con i termini di base come RTP (Return to Player), requisiti di scommessa (wagering) e contribuzione dei giochi al requisito.

    Configurazione dell’Account

    1. Visita il sito ufficiale di Giocodigitale. Cerca il pulsante “Registrati” o “Crea account”, solitamente in alto a destra.
    2. Compila il modulo di registrazione con i tuoi dati personali: nome, cognome, data di nascita, indirizzo email e numero di telefono. Assicurati che i dati coincidano esattamente con quelli del tuo documento.
    3. Crea una password robusta, combinando lettere maiuscole e minuscole, numeri e simboli. Attiva l’autenticazione a due fattori (2FA) se offerta, per una maggiore sicurezza.
    4. Effettua il primo accesso con le tue credenziali tramite il giocodigitale login. Dopo il login, completa la verifica del profilo caricando una copia del tuo documento d’identità e un autoscatto (selfie) per la verifica KYC. Questo passaggio è obbligatorio per attivare prelievi e, spesso, anche i bonus.
    5. Effettua il tuo primo deposito. Scegli il metodo di pagamento preferito e segui le istruzioni. Molti bonus di benvenuto richiedono un deposito minimo, quindi controlla i termini prima di procedere.

    Guida all’App e alla PWA

    Per godere di giocodigitale slot e giocodigitale sport in mobilità, non è necessario cercare un’app nel Google Play o nell’App Store. Giocodigitale offre un sito web ottimizzato per mobile e una Progressive Web App (PWA) che puoi installare direttamente dal browser. Ecco come fare:

    1. Apri il browser del tuo smartphone (Chrome, Safari, Firefox) e vai al sito di Giocodigitale.
    2. Effettua il login con le tue credenziali.
    3. Se utilizzi Chrome, tocca l’icona del menu (tre puntini) e seleziona “Aggiungi a schermata Home”. Su Safari, tocca l’icona “Condividi” e poi “Aggiungi a Home”.
    4. Seguendo questi passaggi, creerai un’icona sul tuo dispositivo che apre la PWA a schermo intero, simile a un’app nativa, ma più leggera e senza occupare spazio di archiviazione.
    5. La PWA ti permetterà di giocare alle slot e alle scommesse sportive con prestazioni fluide, notifiche push e accesso rapido, mantenendo al contempo i più alti standard di sicurezza.

    Bonus e Promozioni

    Il giocodigitale bonus è uno degli aspetti più attraenti per i nuovi giocatori. I bonus di benvenuto possono includere corrispondenze sul deposito, giri gratuiti o una combinazione di entrambi. Tuttavia, è fondamentale comprendere i requisiti di scommessa per trasformare i bonus in denaro reale prelevabile.

    Nota: La maggior parte dei bonus prevede un requisito di scommessa (wagering) espresso come multiplo dell’importo del bonus, a volte anche del deposito. Ad esempio, un bonus del 100% fino a 200€ con un requisito di scommessa di 35x significa che dovrai scommettere 35 volte l’importo del bonus prima di poter prelevare le vincite.

    Ecco un esempio di calcolo pratico: supponiamo che tu depositi 50€ e riceva un bonus del 100%, quindi 50€ di bonus, per un totale di 100€. Se il requisito è 35x sul bonus, dovrai scommettere 35 × 50€ = 1.750€ in giochi idonei (a seconda della percentuale di contribuzione). Le slot spesso contribuiscono al 100%, mentre i giochi da tavolo come blackjack o roulette possono contribuire solo al 10% o meno. Questo significa che puntare 50€ al blackjack potrebbe contare solo 5€ verso il requisito. Perciò, leggi sempre i termini e le condizioni e scegli giochi ad alta contribuzione per completare il wagering più velocemente.

    Per attivare il bonus, è necessario effettuare un deposito qualificante e, in alcuni casi, inserire un codice promozionale. Assicurati di controllare la sezione “Promozioni” del sito, anche dopo il benvenuto, per offerte come free spin settimanali, cashback e tornei. Ricorda che i bonus hanno una scadenza: di solito devi soddisfare i requisiti entro 30 giorni. Dopo aver adempiuto ai requisiti, le vincite derivanti dal bonus diventano prelevabili.

    Sezione “Vale la Pena Sapere”

    Se il tuo prelievo subisce un ritardo oltre i tempi previsti, segui questi passaggi:

    1. Controlla i tempi di elaborazione indicati nella sezione “Banche e Prelievi”. Di solito, i prelievi vengono processati entro 24-48 ore, ma possono richiedere fino a 5 giorni lavorativi.
    2. Assicurati che la verifica KYC sia completa. Se hai ricevuto un’email per documenti aggiuntivi, inviali immediatamente.
    3. Attendi il tempo massimo dichiarato. Se superato, contatta l’assistenza clienti tramite chat dal vivo o email, fornendo il tuo ID utente e l’importo del prelievo.
    4. Se il problema non si risolve, puoi rivolgerti al servizio di risoluzione controversie del licenziatario (es. MGA o Curaçao). Tieni presente che per i casinò con licenza Curaçao, potresti essere soggetto a tasse locali sulle vincite nel tuo paese; per questo è consigliabile verificare le normative fiscali italiane.

    Domande Frequenti

    Come posso effettuare il giocodigitale login?

    Per effettuare il login, visita il sito ufficiale e clicca sul pulsante “Accedi”. Inserisci il tuo nome utente e password. Se hai dimenticato la password, utilizza l’opzione “Password dimenticata” per reimpostarla tramite email o SMS.

    Quali metodi di pagamento sono disponibili per depositare e prelevare?

    Giocodigitale supporta una varietà di metodi, tra cui carte di credito/debito (Visa, Mastercard), portafogli elettronici (Skrill, Neteller) e bonifico bancario. I prelievi vengono generalmente elaborati utilizzando lo stesso metodo del deposito, quando possibile.

    Quanto tempo richiede la verifica dell’account?

    La verifica KYC di solito richiede da 24 a 72 ore, ma in alcuni casi può allungarsi. Assicurati di inviare documenti leggibili e in corso di validità per evitare ritardi.

    È possibile giocare su dispositivi mobili?

    Sì, il sito è completamente ottimizzato per mobile e offre una PWA installabile da browser, garantendo un’esperienza fluida per slot e sport.

    In conclusione, sfruttare al meglio il giocodigitale bonus richiede una comprensione chiara dei termini, una gestione oculata del bankroll e l’uso di piattaforme sicure come Giocodigitale bonus. Seguendo i passaggi di questa guida, sarai pronto a vivere un’esperienza di gioco online appagante e senza intoppi.

  • Winz Anleitung für Einsteiger: Kontoerstellung und Wetten

    Setting up an account at an online casino is quick, but knowing exactly what to expect at each step saves time and frustration. Die folgenden Schritte und Berechnungen helfen dir, mit Winz effizient zu starten und typische Fehler zu vermeiden.

    Voraussetzungen

    Bevor du dich registrierst, solltest du Folgendes bereithalten und prüfen:

    • Ein gültiges E-Mail-Konto und ein sicheres Passwort (mindestens 12 Zeichen, mit Sonderzeichen).
    • Ein mobiles Endgerät oder ein PC mit aktuellem Browser – die Winz mobile Version funktioniert direkt über den Browser.
    • Einen einheitlichen Namen und eine Adresse, die zu deinen Zahlungsmitteln passen (für KYC-Prüfungen).
    • Eine Zahlungsmethode (Kreditkarte, E-Wallet oder Kryptowährung).
    • Ein Bewusstsein für Glücksspielgesetze in deinem Land: Bei einer Curacao-Lizenz kann dein Gewinn steuerpflichtig sein.
    • Keine aktive Sperre bei anderen Casinos – du solltest volljährig sein (18 oder 21, je nach Land).

    Registrierung

    Die Kontoerstellung bei Winz erfolgt in wenigen Minuten. Folge diesen Schritten:

    1. Besuche die offizielle Winz-Website. online Winz öffnet sich direkt die Startseite.
    2. Klicke auf „Registrieren” oder „Konto erstellen” (Schaltfläche oben rechts).
    3. Gib deine E-Mail-Adresse und ein Passwort ein. Das Passwort sollte einmalig sein und nicht für andere Dienste verwendet werden.
    4. Wähle dein Land und deine bevorzugte Währung aus (z. B. EUR oder BTC).
    5. Fülle das Formular mit Name, Geburtsdatum und Adresse aus – nutze exakt die Daten deines Ausweises.
    6. Bitte verwende deinen echten Namen, denn bei der ersten Auszahlung benötigst du eine KYC-Dokumentation.
    7. Bestätige, dass du volljährig bist und stimme den AGB zu.
    8. Klicke auf „Registrieren” und prüfe dein E-Mail-Postfach: Du erhältst einen Aktivierungslink. Klicke darauf, um dein Konto zu verifizieren.
    9. Logge dich ein – im Idealfall aktivierst du zusätzlich die Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung (2FA) für mehr Sicherheit.

    Berechnung der Umsatzbedingungen (Wagering)

    Ein häufiger Stolperstein sind Bonusbedingungen. Hier ein konkretes Rechenbeispiel mit realistischen Werten. Angenommen, du erhältst einen Willkommensbonus von 100 % auf deine Einzahlung bis zu 200 EUR.

    Formel: Umsatzbedingung = (Bonus + Einzahlung) × Umsatzfaktor. Wenn der Umsatzfaktor 35x beträgt und du 100 EUR einzahlst, hast du einen Bonus von 100 EUR. Dein umzusetzender Betrag ist:

    (100 EUR Einzahlung + 100 EUR Bonus) × 35 = 200 EUR × 35 = 7.000 EUR.

    Wenn du also den Bonus in Anspruch nimmst, musst du Wetten im Gesamtwert von 7.000 EUR platzieren, bevor du Gewinne aus dem Bonus auszahlen kannst. Wichtig: Slots zählen meist zu 100 %, Tischspiele wie Blackjack oder Roulette oft nur zu 10 % oder 0 %. Prüfe die Bedingungen genau.

    Ein Beispiel mit Tischspielen: Wenn du 100 EUR an Blackjack setzt, zählt das nur als 10 EUR für die Umsatzbedingung. Deshalb solltest du dich auf Slots konzentrieren, wenn du den Bonus schnell freispielen möchtest.

    Ist es sicher?

    Winz verwendet eine SSL-Verschlüsselung, um deine Daten zu schützen. Die Lizenz stammt von der Regierung von Curacao, was eine Grundregulation bietet, aber nicht das gleiche Schutzniveau wie eine MGA-Lizenz (Malta) oder eine deutsche Lizenz darstellt. Achte daher auf Folgendes: Hinweis: Bei einer Curacao-Lizenz können Gewinne in deinem Land steuerpflichtig sein. Informiere dich über die lokalen Steuergesetze – in Deutschland ab 2021 ist Glücksspiel im legalen Markt generell steuerfrei, aber bei Offshore-Casinos kann das anders sein. Zudem solltest duprüfen, ob die Website eine gültige SSL-Zertifizierung hat und ob transparente Widerrufsmöglichkeiten bestehen.

    Zahlungsmethoden

    Winz unterstützt eine Vielzahl von Zahlungsmethoden. Die folgende Tabelle zeigt typische Optionen, Mindest- und Höchstbeträge sowie Bearbeitungszeiten. Beachte, dass die genauen Zahlen variieren können – sie dienen als Richtwerte.

    Zahlungsmethode Mindestbetrag Höchstbetrag Bearbeitungszeit (Einzahlung) Bearbeitungszeit (Auszahlung)
    Kreditkarte (Visa/Mastercard) 10 EUR 5.000 EUR Sofort 2–5 Werktage
    E-Wallet (Skrill, Neteller) 10 EUR 10.000 EUR Sofort 1–3 Werktage
    Banküberweisung 20 EUR 20.000 EUR 1–3 Werktage 3–7 Werktage
    Kryptowährung (BTC, ETH) 20 EUR Kein Maximum Sofort 1–2 Stunden

    Einzahlungen werden in der Regel sofort gutgeschrieben, Auszahlungen hängen von der Verifizierung ab. Krypto-Transaktionen sind meist die schnellste Option.

    Support-Leitfaden

    Wenn Probleme auftreten, kannst du den Support von Winz über Live-Chat oder E-Mail erreichen. Hier sind typische Szenarien und was du tun solltest:

    • Problem mit der Anmeldung: Setze dein Passwort über die Funktion „Passwort vergessen” zurück. Sollte das nicht helfen, kontaktiere den Live-Chat mit deiner E-Mail-Adresse.
    • Bonus wird nicht gutgeschrieben: Prüfe, ob du den Bonuscode eingegeben hast und ob alle Bedingungen erfüllt sind (z. B. Mindesteinzahlung). Kontaktiere den Support mit einem Screenshot deiner Einzahlung.
    • Auszahlung dauert länger als 5 Werktage: Zuerst die KYC-Verifizierung abschließen – meist ist dies der Grund. Danach den Support über E-Mail erreichen oder den Live-Chat nutzen.
    • Falsche Daten bei der Registrierung: Wenn du z. B. deinen Namen falsch geschrieben hast, wende dich an den Support, bevor du eine Auszahlung beantragst. Eine Korrektur kann das Konto einfrieren.
    • Spiel lädt nicht in der Winz mobile Version: Lade die Seite neu, leere den Cache oder versuche einen anderen Browser. Die mobile Website funktioniert wie eine mobile App – du kannst sie dir auf den Startbildschirm legen.
    • Steuerliche Anfragen: Winz kann keine Steuerberatung bieten. Frage den Support nach einer Transaktionsübersicht, die du für deine Steuererklärung nutzen kannst.

    Schnelle Antworten (FAQ)

    Wie lange dauert die Kontoverifizierung bei Winz?

    Die Verifizierung (KYC) dauert in der Regel 24 Stunden. Du musst eine Kopie deines Ausweises, einen Adressnachweis und ggf. die Zahlungsmethode einreichen.

  • Gibt es eine eigene Winz App für Android oder iOS?

    Winz bietet keine native App in den Stores an, aber du kannst die Winz mobile Website als Progressive Web App (PWA) installieren. Über den Browser kannst du „Zum Startbildschirm hinzufügen” wählen und erhältst dann ein App-ähnliches Erlebnis.

    Welche Steuern fallen auf Gewinne mit winz an?

    Das hängt von deinem Wohnsitzland ab. Da Winz eine Curacao-Lizenz besitzt, kann die Steuerpflicht anders sein als bei lizenzierten Anbietern in Deutschland. Wende dich an einen Steuerberater.

    Wie lange dauern Auszahlungen bei winz?

    Nach der Verifizierung sind Krypto-Auszahlungen in der Regel sofort oder innerhalb von einer Stunde abgeschlossen. E-Wallet-Auszahlungen dauern 1–3 Werktage, Banküberweisungen 3–7 Werktage.

    Kann ich bei winz auch mit Kryptowährung einzahlen?

    Ja, Winz akzeptiert mehrere Kryptowährungen wie Bitcoin und Ethereum. Du kannst sie als Zahlungsmethode wählen und die Einzahlung ist sofort gutgeschrieben.

    Was passiert, wenn ich mein Passwort vergessen habe?

    Nutze die Funktion „Passwort vergessen” unter dem Login-Button. Du erhältst eine E-Mail mit einem Link zum Zurücksetzen. Danach empfehlen wir, 2FA zu aktivieren.

    Sind Spiele von winz mobil spielbar?

    Ja, die Winz mobile Website ist vollständig optimiert für Smartphones und Tablets. Du kannst alle Spiele direkt im Browser spielen, ohne eine App herunterladen zu müssen.

    Kann ich multiple Konten bei winz haben?

    Nein, jedes Konto muss eindeutig sein. Mehrfachkonten führen in der Regel zur Sperrung aller Konten und zum Verlust von Gewinnen.

    Welche Limits gibt es für Einzahlungen?

    Die Mindesteinzahlung beträgt meist 10 EUR, das Maximum variiert je nach Zahlungsmethode – siehe Tabelle oben.

    Extra-Tipps: Verantwortungsvolles Spielen

    Bei Winz kannst du Werkzeuge für verantwortungsvolles Spielen nutzen. Lege Einzahlungslimits fest (z. B. maximal 100 EUR pro Woche) und nutze Sitzungslängen-Limits, um deine Spielzeit zu kontrollieren. Falls du eine Pause brauchst, bietet Winz die Option der Selbstsperre (Self-Exclusion). Das funktioniert so:

    • Einzahlungslimits: Unter den Kontoeinstellungen kannst du ein tägliches, wöchentliches oder monatliches Limit festlegen.
    • Sitzungslimits: Lege eine maximale Spielzeit pro Tag fest. Du erhältst eine Warnung, wenn du kurz vor dem Limit stehst.
    • Selbstsperre: Du kannst eine Pause von 24 Stunden bis zu 6 Wochen einrichten. Für eine dauerhafte Sperre wende dich an den Support.

    Wichtig: Spielen solltest du nur zum Spaß und nie mit Geld, das du nicht verlieren kannst. Wenn du bemerkst, dass du die Kontrolle verlierst, nutze sofort die Selbstsperre oder kontaktiere Beratungsstellen wie für Glücksspielsucht in deinem Land.

    Zusammenfassend: Mit diesen Schritten und Berechnungen bist du gut vorbereitet, um bei Winz zu spielen. Achte auf die Bonusbedingungen und nutze die Sicherheitsfunktionen – dann steht einem verantwortungsvollen Spielerlebnis nichts im Weg.